Logistical and technological elements. The final consumers can throw their glass packaging waste into the ECOVIDRIO green containers placed in the streets. In these containers only glass from packaging must be disposed (mainly jars and bottles), avoiding other waste of glass.
Logistical and technological elements. During year 2008, XXXXXXX collected 2.860 t waste phytosanitary containers (83.9% plastic, 9.0% paper and cardboard, 6.5% metallic and 0.6% others) and claimed 87.2% recycling, 4.4% energy recovery, 8.1% disposal and 0.3% not specified management. Table 3. Collection of phytosanitary packaging waste in Spain by SIGFITO 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Xxxxxxxx joined to the system, t 6,602 6,672 6,136 6,279 6,352 6,041 5,598 Waste packages collected, t 337 1,073 1,445 2,041 2,660 2,860 2,688 Waste packages collected, % 5.1% 16.1% 23.5% 32.5% 41.9% 47.3% 48.0% Figure 5. SIGFITO scheme
Logistical and technological elements. XXXXX was designed as a closed management system based on inverse logistics involving the different players in the medicine chain. The first stage of SIGRE's activity involves collecting unused medicines that are left in special containers called “Punto XXXXX” located in pharmacies. The containers are for consumers to deposit unused or expired medicines and their empty packaging. Next, pharmaceutical distributors collect the unused medicines and store them at their facilities in water-tight containers, which are later removed by authorised waste managers to be taken to the Unused Medicines Classification Plant in Cerceda (A Coruña, Spain). In this plant, unused medicines are classified before being sent to authorised waste managers to be subjected to their final treatment. Two types of checks are applied to the scheme implemented by XXXXX to guarantee the control and safety of each phase of this process. Firstly, checks are performed on the various parties in the system under the legislation in force, and then further checks established directly by XXXXX are made to guarantee the smooth running of the system. Thus, in addition of the checks performed by the environmental and health authorities (processing licences, gathering information or making inspections), XXXXX has established a series of direct checks to guarantee that the different players in the system are doing their job correctly - audits, application of technical instructions, safety guidelines, traceability of the waste, etc. - whilst adhering to the UNE-EN ISO 9001:2008 standards on Quality Management Systems; UNE-EN ISO 14001:2004 on Environmental Management Systems and OHSAS 18.001:2007 specifications on Occupational Health and Safety Management Systems. All medicine packaging sold in pharmacies in Spain carries the XXXXX symbol to inform the consumer that the product is covered by this integrated management system. The XXXXX symbol is authorised by the Spanish Medicines and Healthcare Products Agency (AEMPS) and by the European Medicines Agency (EMA). By including the XXXXX symbol on their labels, pharmaceutical laboratories are meeting both environmental and healthcare regulations. The XXXXX scheme has been implemented all over Spain and is therefore authorised by the Regional Environment Ministries of the various Autonomous Communities and cities. These administrations are responsible for supervising the correct management of unused medicines.
Logistical and technological elements. Some services offered to the members of the Foundation are listed below: - Technical and Legal Adviser - Logistic for the delivery of recipients for collection, trucking and treatment of waste. - Value of waste whenever there is price in the market - Computer system through the web site for the proper collection and transportation of waste belonging to the foundation members till the recovery plants. - Inscription of the members in the Ministry of Industry, Tourism and Trade, and also the Registration in the Spanish Communities. - Accomplishment of RoHS Directive 2002/95/EC, and replacement of dangerous components in electronic and electrical devices. The following categories of electrical and electronic equipment are covered by ECO-RAEE: - Category 1 - Large Household Appliances - Category 2 - Small Household Appliances - Category 3 - IT and telecommunications equipment - Category 4 - Consumer equipment - Category 5 - Lighting equipment - Category 6 - Electrical & Electronic Tools - Category 10 - Automatic Dispensers
Logistical and technological elements. The collection system of Ecolec relies on the following collection points: - Municipal facilities actually approximately 700 points in all Spain. - Retailers working with Ecolec are approximately 380 different points, for the direct collection. - There are other 100 points of collection, formed by de waste companies in collaboration with Ecolec. All the WEEE collected in these points, are transported to a main collection facilities or directly to the waste management companies. These operations are optimized by a logistic partner for all Spain. The collection system is specially complex for the different islands of Spain, where the waste companies work co-ordinately with the logistic partner to deliver the WEEE to the treatment plants in the mainland. There are plans to run treatment plants in the islands. Ecolec has a logistic partner that gives service for all the regions inside Spain. This partner makes collection services through Ecolec computer System, using collection requests. This main partner has actually 13 main warehouses in all the country. Ecolec has other 60 waste companies that collect in different points along the country. These companies apply programmed collection for different retailers or users. This collection is part of the traditional scrap collection system. Regarding the treatment partners, Ecolec has approximately 25 treatment partners for different categories. The categories of electrical and electronic equipment covered by Ecolec are: - Category 1 - Large Household Appliances (fully covered) - Category 2 - Small Household Appliances (fully covered) - Category 3 - IT and telecommunications equipment (fully covered) - Category 4 - Consumer equipment (fully covered) - Category 6 - Electrical & Electronic Tools (fully covered) - Category 7 – Toys, leisure and sports equipment (fully covered) - Category 9 - M&C Instrument (fully covered) - Category 10 - Automatic Dispensers (fully covered)
Logistical and technological elements. This scheme is entirely financed by producers. They pay an initial contribution to enter the scheme and then the quarterly financial contribution of each producer is calculated on the basis of products placed in the market. ECOASIMELEC manages WEEE streams from both household and professional origin. The Foundation has a network of temporal storage points and agreements with several recycling companies over Spain. Finally, it collaborates with other integrated waste management and public administrations in doing campaigns to raise public awareness about the importance of selective collection of end of life electrical and electronic devices.
Logistical and technological elements. ECOPILAS has different collection points distributed in the whole Spanish territory. These points are located at clean points, schools, public centres and shops. The ECOPILAS logistic system takes into account used batteries from household and professional origin and establishes specific logistic models for each case: - Household waste: periodic collections in clean points, municipal containers and containers in stores and shops. - Professional waste: collections of a minimum amount of used batteries on demand. Also according to routes with defined frequency. Figure 6. Logistic scheme (ECOPILAS)
Logistical and technological elements. TRAGAMÓVIL Foundation has collection points of mobile phones and their accessories distributed in all regions of Spain: telephony shops, technical service, clean points, town halls, universities, storages and commercial centres.
Logistical and technological elements. The service model of ERP is based upon a collection network that, in Spain, comprises the entire national territory. ERP specializes in the collection, transportation, treatment, reutilization and recycling of waste: - Originated at homes, through the municipal clean point network (also called eco points, green points, etc…). - Originated at distribution. - Originated at industrial or professional area The basic model of ERP as an integrated management system of WEEE, in accordance with the EU directive, can be explained in the Figure 8.
Logistical and technological elements. AMBILAMP is an integrated waste management whose main mission is to offer its members (lamps producers affected by the Royal Decree 208/2005) a complete compliance with the legislation. AMBILAMP has organized an integral collection and environmental friendly recycling system for the lamps waste included in the category 5 of the Royal Decree. From the collection points (municipal “clean points”, small and big shops, distributors or installers) the used lamps are shipped to the recycling plant to recover plastics, metals, glass, mercury and fluorescent powder concentrates.
