Microgrids’ participation to flexibility markets Sample Clauses

Microgrids’ participation to flexibility markets. In the above we have discussed the concept and definition of microgrids. Fulfilling these criteria is not sufficient to develop such grids. There is also a need for economic incentives, as will be discussed below. As a rule, microgrids will play a role in transition towards a decarbonised energy system by aggregating their internal flexibility to offer services and thus mitigating the variability of wind and solar photovoltaic energy. By doing so, they can recoup their investments faster and improve their business case. It is assumed that providing an enhanced business case for microgrids operators by harnessing their flexibility resources to provide services to third parties will allow the microgrids to develop more widely in the EU. Schwaegerl and Tao list the ancillary services microgrids can provide to system operators according to their operation mode: grid-connected (normal operation) or islanded (emergency operation) [103]. In grid-connected mode, microgrids can offer frequency control support [104], voltage control support, congestion management, reduction of grid losses, or improvement of power quality (e.g., voltage dips, flickers, compensation of harmonics). In islanded mode, microgrids can provide black-start or grid- forming services to TSOs. Microgrids can therefore provide most of the demand-side flexibility services shown in figure 3, and more. Please note that this figure only refers to services provided in normal operation mode, excluding a state of emergency, when a blackout is looming or has already happened. As this figure also shows, these services are either provided to system operators (TSOs and/or DSOs) or to balance responsible parties (BRPs). In this section, we will focus on services provided to system operators in order to help maintain their network running: ancillary services (as defined in article 2
Sample 1
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Microgrids’ participation to flexibility markets. In this part, we examine the rules in Denmark regarding (i) black-start services to be offered to the TSO and (ii) reserve supply to Danish islands given that these are within the realm of the specific capabilities of microgrids. Afterwards, we address the opportunities and barriers for microgrids to provide flexibility services to third parties in order to enhance their economic situation. Given the high level of reliability of the Danish electricity system, Energinet (the TSO) only sees a limited need for contracting facilities with black-start capabilities. It has established that having two technically independent providers of black-start services located in each part of the country (DK1 and DK2) is sufficient [274]. Since Denmark consists of a peninsula and various islands, it is separated in two electricity market areas. DK1 covers Western Denmark (Jutland-Funen, etc.), while DK2 covers Eastern Denmark (Zealand, Lolland, Falster, Bornholm, and others)[275]. The requirements for offering such services are as follows: be connected to the 150 kV grid in DK1 or the 132 kV in DK2, have a minimum installed active power capacity of 30 MW and be able to handle instantaneous jumps of ± 10 MW, be able to handle the reactive power required depending on the geographical location of the plant in the network, be able to continuously operate for at least 24 hours and provide two maximum load starts within 12 hours [276]. These requirements set the bar very high compared to the capacity of most of the potential microgrids, except for some industrial ones. Nevertheless, we would not recommend lowering the thresholds, given the absolute importance of the reliability of such services, except if Energinet would see an interest in a multi-microgrids system, similar to the project undertaken in the UK (see section 4.1.1.4). Regarding the reserve supply for Danish islands, Energinet identifies several needs that must be met in order to maintain security of supply on Bornholm, Læsø and Anholt, each of which is connected to the rest of Denmark or to Sweden via one submarine cable [277]. These needs are estimated for 2021 at 94 MW, 4 MW and 1 MW respectively [278]. In principle, such reserve supply services are provided by the market, but Energinet indicated that it had already contacted the suppliers of each island and concluded the necessary supply agreements, therefore questioning the reality of such market [279]. In any case, if such services are to be offered, their prov...
Sample 1

Related to Microgrids’ participation to flexibility markets

  • Agreement Flexibility 8.1 An employer and employee covered by this enterprise agreement may agree to make an individual flexibility arrangement to vary the effect of terms of the agreement if: (a) the agreement deals with 1 or more of the following matters: (i) arrangements about when work is performed; (ii) overtime rates; (iii) penalty rates; (iv) allowances; (v) leave loading; and (b) the arrangement meets the genuine needs of the employer and employee in relation to 1 or more of the matters mentioned in paragraph (a); and (c) the arrangement is genuinely agreed to by the employer and employee. 8.2 The employer must ensure that the terms of the individual flexibility arrangement: (a) are about permitted matters under section 172 of the Fair Work Act 2009; and (b) are not unlawful terms under section 194 of the Fair Work Act 2009; and (c) result in the employee being better off overall than the employee would be if no arrangement was made. 8.3 The employer must ensure that the individual flexibility arrangement: (a) is in writing; and (b) includes the name of the employer and employee; and (c) is signed by the employer and employee and if the employee is under 18 years of age, signed by a parent or guardian of the employee; and (d) includes details of: (i) the terms of the enterprise agreement that will be varied by the arrangement; and (ii) how the arrangement will vary the effect of the terms; and (iii) how the employee will be better off overall in relation to the terms and conditions of his or her employment as a result of the arrangement; and (e) states the day on which the arrangement commences. 8.4 The employer must give the employee a copy of the individual flexibility arrangement within 14 days after it is agreed to. 8.5 The employer or employee may terminate the individual flexibility arrangement: (a) by giving no more than 28 days written notice to the other party to the arrangement; or (b) if the employer and employee agree in writing—at any time.

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  • Flexibility 7.1 The Employer and an Employee covered by this Schedule may agree to make an individual flexibility arrangement to vary the effect of terms of this Schedule if: 7.1.1 the agreement deals with 1 or more of the following matters: (i) arrangements about when work is performed - such arrangements may be made to vary the operation of clause 24 Hours of Work; (ii) Salary Packaging – an employee may elect a salary packaging arrangement in accordance with clause 21 of this Schedule; and 7.1.2 the arrangement meets the genuine needs of the Employer and Employee in relation to 1 or more of the matters mentioned in 7.1.1; and 7.1.3 the arrangement is genuinely agreed to by the Employer and Employee. 7.2 The Employer must ensure that the terms of the individual flexibility arrangement: (i) are about permitted matters under section 172 of the Fair Work Act 2009; and (ii) are not unlawful terms under section 194 of the Fair Work Act 2009; and (iii) result in the Employee being better off overall than the Employee would be if no arrangement was made. 7.3 The Employer must ensure that the individual flexibility arrangement: 7.3.1 is in writing; and 7.3.2 includes the name of the Employer and Employee; and 7.3.3 is signed by the Employer and Employee and if the Employee is under 18 years of age, signed by a parent or guardian of the Employee; and 7.3.4 includes details of: (i) the terms of the Schedule that will be varied by the arrangement; and (ii) how the arrangement will vary the effect of the terms; and (iii) how the Employee will be better off overall in relation to the terms and conditions of his or her employment as a result of the arrangement; and 7.3.5 states the day on which the arrangement commences. 7.4 The Employer must give the Employee a copy of the individual flexibility arrangement within 14 days after it is agreed to. 7.5 The Employer or Employee may terminate the individual flexibility arrangement: 7.5.1 by giving no more than 28 days written notice to the other party to the arrangement; or 7.5.2 if the Employer and Employee agree in writing — at any time.

  • SMALL BUSINESS PARTICIPATION AND DVBE PARTICIPATION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS a. If for this Contract Contractor made a commitment to achieve small business participation, then Contractor must within 60 days of receiving final payment under this Contract (or within such other time period as may be specified elsewhere in this Contract) report to the awarding department the actual percentage of small business participation that was achieved. (Govt. Code § 14841.) b. If for this Contract Contractor made a commitment to achieve disabled veteran business enterprise (DVBE) participation, then Contractor must within 60 days of receiving final payment under this Contract (or within such other time period as may be specified elsewhere in this Contract) certify in a report to the awarding department: (1) the total amount the prime Contractor received under the Contract; (2) the name and address of the DVBE(s) that participated in the performance of the Contract; (3) the amount each DVBE received from the prime Contractor; (4) that all payments under the Contract have been made to the DVBE; and (5) the actual percentage of DVBE participation that was achieved. A person or entity that knowingly provides false information shall be subject to a civil penalty for each violation. (Mil. & Vets. Code § 999.5(d); Govt. Code § 14841.)

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