Obligations of Company In connection with the registration of the Registrable Securities, Company shall: (i) prepare promptly and file with the SEC the Registration Statement provided in Section 1(a) with respect to the Registrable Securities and thereafter to use reasonable commercial efforts to cause such Registration Statement relating to the Registrable Securities to become effective as soon as possible after such filing, and keep the Registration Statement effective at all times until two (2) years from the effective date of the Registration Statement (the “Registration Period”); submit to the SEC, within three (3) Business Days after Company learns that no review of the Registration Statement will be made by the staff of the SEC or the staff of the SEC has no further comments on the Registration Statement, as the case may be, a request for acceleration of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement to a time and date not later than forty-eight (48) hours after the submission of such request; notify the Holders of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement on the date the Registration Statement is declared effective; and, Company represents and warrants to, and covenants and agrees with the Holders that the Registration Statement (including any amendments or supplements thereto and prospectuses contained therein, at the time it is first filed with the SEC, at the time it is ordered effective by the SEC and at all times during which it is required to be effective hereunder) and each such amendment and supplement at the time it is filed with the SEC and all times during which it is available for use in connection with the offer and sale of Registrable Securities shall not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein, or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading; (ii) prepare and file with the SEC such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to the Registration Statement and the prospectus used in connection with the Registration Statement as may be necessary to keep the Registration Statement effective at all times during the Registration Period, and during the Registration Period, comply with the provisions of the Act with respect to the disposition of all Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement until such time as all of such Registrable Securities have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of disposition by the Holders as set forth in the Registration Statement; (iii) furnish, upon request, to the Holders (A) promptly after the same is prepared and publicly distributed, filed with the SEC or received by Company, one copy of the Registration Statement and any amendment thereto, each preliminary prospectus and prospectus and each amendment or supplement thereto, each letter written by or on behalf of Company to the SEC or the staff of the SEC and each item of correspondence from the SEC or the staff of the SEC relating to such Registration Statement (other than any portion of any thereof which contains information for which Company has sought confidential treatment) and (B) such number of copies of a prospectus, including a preliminary prospectus and all amendments and supplements thereto and such other documents, as any Holder reasonably may request in order to facilitate the disposition of the Registrable Securities; (iv) use reasonable commercial efforts to register and qualify the Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement under such securities or blue sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (662/3%) of the Registrable Securities being offered reasonably request and use reasonable efforts to (A) prepare and file in those jurisdictions such amendments (including post-effective amendments) and supplements to such registrations and qualifications as may be necessary to maintain the effectiveness thereof at all times until the end of the Registration Period, (B) take such other actions as may be necessary to maintain such registrations and qualifications in effect at all times during the Registration Period and (C) take all other actions reasonably necessary or advisable to qualify the Registrable Securities for sale in such jurisdictions; provided, however, that Company shall not be required in connection therewith or as a condition thereto (A) to qualify to do business in any jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to qualify but for this Section 1(c)(iv), (B) to subject itself to general taxation in any such jurisdiction, (C) to file a general consent to service of process in any such jurisdiction or (D) to make any change in its Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws which the Board of Directors of Company determines to be contrary to the best interests of Company and its stockholders; (v) as promptly as practicable after becoming aware of such event or circumstance, notify the Holders of any event or circumstance of which Company has knowledge, as a result of which the prospectus included in the Registration Statement, as then in effect, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, and use its reasonable commercial efforts promptly to prepare a supplement or amendment to the Registration Statement to correct such untrue statement or omission, file such supplement or amendment with the SEC at such time as shall permit the Holders to sell Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement as promptly as practicable, and deliver a number of copies of such supplement or amendment to any Holder as such Holder may reasonably request; (vi) as promptly as practicable after becoming aware of such event, notify the Holders (or, in the event of an underwritten offering the managing underwriters) of the issuance by the SEC of any stop order or other suspension of effectiveness of the Registration Statement at the earliest possible time; (vii) permit one legal counsel designated by the Holders of at least sixty-six and two-thirds percent (662/3%) of the Registrable Securities being sold to review and comment on the Registration Statement and all amendments and supplements thereto a reasonable period of time prior to their filing with the SEC and to pay the reasonable fees and costs incurred by such counsel; (viii) make generally available to its security holders as soon as practical, but not later than one hundred and five (105) days after the close of the period covered thereby, an earnings statement (in form complying with the provisions of Rule 158 under the Securities Act) covering a twelve (12) month period beginning not later than the first day of Company’s fiscal quarter next following the effective date of the Registration Statement; (ix) during the period Company is required to maintain effectiveness of the Registration Statement pursuant to Section 1(c)(i), Company shall not bid for or purchase any Common Stock or other securities or any right to purchase Common Stock or other securities or attempt to induce any person to purchase any such security or right if such bid, purchase or attempt would in any way limit the right of the Holders to sell Registrable Securities by reason of the limitations set forth in Regulation M under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”); and (x) take all other reasonable actions necessary to expedite and facilitate disposition by the Holders of the Registrable Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement.
Obligations of DOE a. In express reliance on the covenants and representations in this Compromise Agreement and to avoid further expenditure of public resources, XXX agrees to accept Respondent’s payment pursuant to section III.2.a in full satisfaction of the penalty authorized by the Act. x. XXX agrees to issue promptly an Adopting Order adopting this Agreement. x. XXX agrees to terminate this enforcement action with prejudice upon Respondent’s completion of its Obligations in accordance with section III.2, above. If Respondent fails to complete its Obligations in accordance with section III.2, above, DOE may notify Respondent that the Agreement is null and void and may seek the maximum penalty in accordance with 10 C.F.R. § 429.120.
Obligations of Management Each officer and key employee of the Company is currently devoting substantially all of his or her business time to the conduct of the business of the Company. The Company is not aware that any officer or key employee of the Company is planning to work less than full time at the Company in the future. No officer or key employee is currently working or, to the Company’s knowledge, plans to work for a competitive enterprise, whether or not such officer or key employee is or will be compensated by such enterprise.
Obligations of the City A. The City agrees to give the Contractor access to the Project area and other City- owned properties as required to perform the necessary Services under this Agreement. B. The City shall notify the Contractor of any defects in the Services of which the Contract Administrator has actual notice.
Obligations of Parent In connection with any registration of Registrable Securities pursuant to this Article 1, Parent shall: (a) Use its reasonable efforts to cause the Registration Statement to be declared effective by the SEC at the Effective Time or as soon as practicable thereafter and to remain effective until the earlier to occur of (x) the first anniversary of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement (subject to extension to reflect any Suspension Period) and (y) such period as will terminate when all of the securities covered by the Registration Statement have been disposed of in accordance with the intended methods of disposition thereof by the Holders; provided that, notwithstanding the foregoing clause (x), with respect to an Offering for which Parent has received notice in accordance with Section 1.3 and which is intended to occur within a reasonable period of time (but no later than 90 days) following such notice, Parent will use its reasonable efforts to cause the Registration Statement to remain effective for such longer period (not to exceed five years after the Registration Statement is first declared effective) as in the opinion of counsel for any underwriters a prospectus is required by law to be delivered in connection with any such Offering by an underwriter or dealer with respect to those Registrable Securities subject to such Offering. (b) Use its reasonable efforts to cause the Registration Statement and the related prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto, as of the effective date thereof (i) to comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder and (ii) not to contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein (as applicable, in light of the circumstances under which they were made) not misleading. (c) Prepare and file with the SEC such amendments and supplements to the Registration Statement and the prospectus (the “Prospectus”) used in connection therewith as may be necessary to make and to keep the Registration Statement effective and to comply with the provisions of the Securities Act with respect to the sale or other disposition of all securities proposed to be registered in such Registration Statement in accordance with the terms of any Offering. A reasonable time prior to the filing of the Registration Statement or any prospectus or any amendment or supplement thereto, Parent will provide copies of such documents to the Holders participating in such Offering and provide such Holders and their counsel with an adequate opportunity to review and comment thereon. (d) Furnish to the participating Holders such number of copies of any Prospectus (including any preliminary Prospectus and any amended or supplemented Prospectus), in conformity with the requirements of the Securities Act, as the Holders may reasonably request in order to effect the offering and sale of the shares of Registrable Securities to be offered and sold, but only while Parent shall be required under the provisions hereof to cause the Registration Statement to remain effective. (e) Subject to the proviso to Section 1.2, use its reasonable efforts to register or qualify the shares of Registrable Securities covered by the Registration Statement under the securities or “blue sky” laws of such states as the participating Holders shall reasonably request and maintain any such registration or qualification current until the earlier to occur of the time periods set forth in Section 1.4(a). (f) Promptly notify each Holder at any time when a prospectus relating thereto is required to be delivered under the Securities Act within the appropriate period referred to in Section 1.4(a), of Parent’s becoming aware that the prospectus included in the Registration Statement, or as such prospectus may be amended or supplemented, includes an untrue statement of a material fact or omits to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading in light of the circumstances then existing, and at the request of any such Holder to promptly prepare and furnish to such Holder a number of copies of an amendment or supplemental prospectus as may be necessary so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of such Registrable Securities, such prospectus shall not include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading in the light of the circumstances then existing. In the event Parent shall give any such notice, each Holder shall immediately suspend use of the prospectus. (g) Cause all such Registrable Securities to be listed on each securities exchange on which similar securities issued by Parent are then listed and, if not so listed, to be listed on the Nasdaq National Market or the New York Stock Exchange. (h) Provide a transfer agent and registrar for all such Registrable Securities not later than the effective date of the Registration Statement. (i) In connection with any Offering that is to be underwritten, enter into such customary agreements (including underwriting agreements in customary form for similar offerings) and take all such other actions as a Holder or the underwriters reasonably request in order to expedite or facilitate the disposition of such Registrable Securities in accordance with terms of any Offering. (j) Make reasonably available for inspection by any Holder of Registrable Securities, any underwriter participating in any Offering, and any attorney, accountant or other agent retained by any such Holder or underwriter, all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents and properties of Parent, and use its reasonable efforts to cause Parent’s officers, directors, employees and independent accountants to supply all information reasonably requested by any such Holder, underwriter, attorney, accountant or agent in connection with such Offering (including, with respect to any Offering that is to be underwritten, using its reasonable efforts to furnish to the underwriters for such Offering a cold comfort letter from Parent’s accountant in customary form covering such matters as are customarily covered by such letters). (k) In connection with any Offering that is to be underwritten, use its reasonable efforts to provide to the underwriters for such Offering a legal opinion of Parent’s outside counsel with respect to the registration statement, each amendment and supplement thereto, the prospectus included therein (including the preliminary prospectus) and such other documents relating thereto in customary form and covering such matters of the type customarily covered by legal opinions of such nature. (l) In connection with any Offering that is to be underwritten, make reasonably available its employees and personnel and otherwise provide reasonable and customary assistance to any underwriters in the marketing of Registrable Securities pursuant to such underwritten Offering. (m) If requested in writing by the managing underwriters, with respect to any Offering that is to be underwritten, Parent agrees not to effect any public sale or distribution of its equity securities, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for such securities, in each case for its own account, during the time period reasonably requested by the managing underwriters, not to exceed seven days prior to and 60days following the pricing of any underwritten Offering (except as part of such underwritten registration or pursuant to registrations on Form S-4 or Form S-8 or any successor forms). (n) Reasonably cooperate with the Holders of Registrable Securities to facilitate the timely preparation and delivery of certificates representing Registrable Securities to be Transferred and not bearing any restrictive legends and enable such Registrable Securities to be in such denominations and registered in such names as the Holders may reasonably request at least one business day prior to the closing of any sale of Registrable Securities.
Obligations of the data exporter The data exporter agrees and warrants: (a) that the processing, including the transfer itself, of the personal data has been and will continue to be carried out in accordance with the relevant provisions of the applicable data protection law (and, where applicable, has been notified to the relevant authorities of the Member State where the data exporter is established) and does not violate the relevant provisions of that State; (b) that it has instructed and throughout the duration of the personal data processing services will instruct the data importer to process the personal data transferred only on the data exporter's behalf and in accordance with the applicable data protection law and the Clauses; (c) that the data importer will provide sufficient guarantees in respect of the technical and organisational security measures specified in Appendix 2 to this contract; (d) that after assessment of the requirements of the applicable data protection law, the security measures are appropriate to protect personal data against accidental or unlawful destruction or accidental loss, alteration, unauthorised disclosure or access, in particular where the processing involves the transmission of data over a network, and against all other unlawful forms of processing, and that these measures ensure a level of security appropriate to the risks presented by the processing and the nature of the data to be protected having regard to the state of the art and the cost of their implementation; (e) that it will ensure compliance with the security measures; (f) that, if the transfer involves special categories of data, the data subject has been informed or will be informed before, or as soon as possible after, the transfer that its data could be transmitted to a third country not providing adequate protection within the meaning of Directive 95/46/EC; (g) to forward any notification received from the data importer or any subprocessor pursuant to Clause 5(b) and Clause 8(3) to the data protection supervisory authority if the data exporter decides to continue the transfer or to lift the suspension; (h) to make available to the data subjects upon request a copy of the Clauses, with the exception of Appendix 2, and a summary description of the security measures, as well as a copy of any contract for subprocessing services which has to be made in accordance with the Clauses, unless the Clauses or the contract contain commercial information, in which case it may remove such commercial information; (i) that, in the event of subprocessing, the processing activity is carried out in accordance with Clause 11 by a subprocessor providing at least the same level of protection for the personal data and the rights of data subject as the data importer under the Clauses; and (j) that it will ensure compliance with Clause 4(a) to (i). The data importer agrees and warrants: (a) to process the personal data only on behalf of the data exporter and in compliance with its instructions and the Clauses; if it cannot provide such compliance for whatever reasons, it agrees to inform promptly the data exporter of its inability to comply, in which case the data exporter is entitled to suspend the transfer of data and/or terminate the contract; (b) that it has no reason to believe that the legislation applicable to it prevents it from fulfilling the instructions received from the data exporter and its obligations under the contract and that in the event of a change in this legislation which is likely to have a substantial adverse effect on the warranties and obligations provided by the Clauses, it will promptly notify the change to the data exporter as soon as it is aware, in which case the data exporter is entitled to suspend the transfer of data and/or terminate the contract; (c) that it has implemented the technical and organisational security measures specified in Appendix 2 before processing the personal data transferred; (d) that it will promptly notify the data exporter about: (i) any legally binding request for disclosure of the personal data by a law enforcement authority unless otherwise prohibited, such as a prohibition under criminal law to preserve the confidentiality of a law enforcement investigation, (ii) any accidental or unauthorised access, and (iii) any request received directly from the data subjects without responding to that request, unless it has been otherwise authorised to do so; (e) to deal promptly and properly with all inquiries from the data exporter relating to its processing of the personal data subject to the transfer and to abide by the advice of the supervisory authority with regard to the processing of the data transferred; (f) at the request of the data exporter to submit its data processing facilities for audit of the processing activities covered by the Clauses which shall be carried out by the data exporter or an inspection body composed of independent members and in possession of the required professional qualifications bound by a duty of confidentiality, selected by the data exporter, where applicable, in agreement with the supervisory authority; (g) to make available to the data subject upon request a copy of the Clauses, or any existing contract for subprocessing, unless the Clauses or contract contain commercial information, in which case it may remove such commercial information, with the exception of Appendix 2 which shall be replaced by a summary description of the security measures in those cases where the data subject is unable to obtain a copy from the data exporter; (h) that, in the event of subprocessing, it has previously informed the data exporter and obtained its prior written consent; (i) that the processing services by the subprocessor will be carried out in accordance with Clause 11; (j) to send promptly a copy of any subprocessor agreement it concludes under the Clauses to the data exporter.
Obligations of the Company Whenever required under this Section 2 to effect the registration of any Registrable Securities, the Company shall, as expeditiously as reasonably possible: (a) prepare and file with the SEC a registration statement with respect to such Registrable Securities and use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective and, upon the request of the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities registered thereunder, keep such registration statement effective for a period of up to one hundred twenty (120) days or, if earlier, until the distribution contemplated in the registration statement has been completed; provided, however, that (i) such one hundred twenty (120) day period shall be extended for a period of time equal to the period the Holder refrains, at the request of an underwriter of Common Stock (or other securities) of the Company, from selling any securities included in such registration, and (ii) in the case of any registration of Registrable Securities on Form S-3 that are intended to be offered on a continuous or delayed basis, subject to compliance with applicable SEC rules, such one hundred twenty (120) day period shall be extended for up to sixty (60) days, if necessary, to keep the registration statement effective until all such Registrable Securities are sold; (b) prepare and file with the SEC such amendments and supplements to such registration statement, and the prospectus used in connection with such registration statement, as may be necessary to comply with the Securities Act in order to enable the disposition of all securities covered by such registration statement; (c) furnish to the selling Holders such numbers of copies of a prospectus, including a preliminary prospectus, as required by the Securities Act, and such other documents as the Holders may reasonably request in order to facilitate their disposition of their Registrable Securities; (d) use its commercially reasonable efforts to register and qualify the securities covered by such registration statement under such other securities or blue-sky laws of such jurisdictions as shall be reasonably requested by the selling Holders; provided that the Company shall not be required to qualify to do business or to file a general consent to service of process in any such states or jurisdictions, unless the Company is already subject to service in such jurisdiction and except as may be required by the Securities Act; (e) in the event of any underwritten public offering, enter into and perform its obligations under an underwriting agreement, in usual and customary form, with the underwriter(s) of such offering; (f) use its commercially reasonable efforts to cause all such Registrable Securities covered by such registration statement to be listed on a national securities exchange or trading system and each securities exchange and trading system (if any) on which similar securities issued by the Company are then listed; (g) provide a transfer agent and registrar for all Registrable Securities registered pursuant to this Agreement and provide a CUSIP number for all such Registrable Securities, in each case not later than the effective date of such registration; (h) promptly make available for inspection by the selling Holders, any managing underwriter(s) participating in any disposition pursuant to such registration statement, and any attorney or accountant or other agent retained by any such underwriter or selected by the selling Holders, all financial and other records, pertinent corporate documents, and properties of the Company, and cause the Company’s officers, directors, employees, and independent accountants to supply all information reasonably requested by any such seller, underwriter, attorney, accountant, or agent, in each case, as necessary or advisable to verify the accuracy of the information in such registration statement and to conduct appropriate due diligence in connection therewith; (i) notify each selling Holder, promptly after the Company receives notice thereof, of the time when such registration statement has been declared effective or a supplement to any prospectus forming a part of such registration statement has been filed; and (j) after such registration statement becomes effective, notify each selling Holder of any request by the SEC that the Company amend or supplement such registration statement or prospectus. In addition, the Company shall ensure that, at all times after any registration statement covering a public offering of securities of the Company under the Securities Act shall have become effective, its xxxxxxx xxxxxxx policy shall provide that the Company’s directors may implement a trading program under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act.
Conditions of Agent’s Obligations The obligations of the Agent hereunder are subject to (i) the accuracy of, as of the date hereof, each Bringdown Date, and each Time of Sale (in each case, as if made at such date), and compliance with, all representations, warranties and agreements of the Company contained herein, (ii) the performance by the Company of its obligations hereunder and (iii) the following additional conditions: (a) If the filing of the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, is required under the Securities Act or the Rules and Regulations, the Company shall have filed the Prospectus (or such amendment or supplement) or such Permitted Free Writing Prospectus with the Commission in the manner and within the time period so required (without reliance on Rule 424(b)(8) or Rule 164(b)); the Registration Statement shall remain effective; no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any part thereof, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, or any amendment thereof, nor suspending or preventing the use of the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus shall have been issued; no proceedings for the issuance of such an order shall have been initiated or threatened; and any request of the Commission for additional information (to be included in the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus, any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus or otherwise) shall have been complied with to the Agent's satisfaction. (b) The Agent shall not have advised the Company that the Registration Statement, the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus, or any amendment or supplement thereto, or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, contains an untrue statement of fact which, in the Agent's opinion, is material, or omits to state a fact which, in the Agent's opinion, is material and is required to be stated therein or is necessary to make the statements therein (i) with respect to the Registration Statement, not misleading and (ii) with respect to the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus or any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. (c) Except as set forth or contemplated in the Base Prospectus, the Prospectus and any Permitted Free Writing Prospectus, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given therein, the Company shall not have incurred any material liabilities or obligations, direct or contingent, or entered into any material transactions, or declared or paid any dividends or made any distribution of any kind with respect to its capital stock and there shall not have been any change in the capital stock, or any issuance of options, warrants, convertible securities or other rights to purchase the capital stock (other than as a result of the exercise of any currently outstanding options or warrants that are disclosed in the Prospectus), or any material change in the short-term or long-term debt, of the Company, or any Material Adverse Effect or any development that would be reasonably likely to result in a Material Adverse Effect (whether or not arising in the ordinary course of business), or any material loss by strike, fire, flood, earthquake, accident or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, incurred by the Company, the effect of which, in any such case described above, in the Agent's judgment, makes it impractical or inadvisable to offer or deliver the Shares. (d) The Company shall have performed each of its obligations under Section 4(p). (e) The Company shall have performed each of its obligations under Section 4(q). (f) The Company shall have performed each of its obligations under Section 4(r). (g) FINRA shall not have raised any objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the terms and arrangements under this Agreement. (h) All filings with the Commission required by Rule 424 under the Securities Act to have been filed by the Settlement Date shall have been made within the applicable time period prescribed for such filing by Rule 424. (i) The Company shall have furnished to Agent and the Agent's counsel such additional documents, certificates and evidence as they may have reasonably requested. (j) Trading in the Common Shares shall not have been suspended on the NASDAQ Capital Market. The Shares shall have been listed and authorized for trading on the NASDAQ Capital Market prior to the first Settlement Date, and satisfactory evidence of such actions shall have been provided to the Agent and its counsel, which may include oral confirmation from a representative of the NASDAQ Capital Market. All such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents will be in compliance with the provisions hereof only if they are reasonably satisfactory in form and substance to Agent and the Agent's counsel. The Company will furnish Agent with such conformed copies of such opinions, certificates, letters and other documents as Agent shall reasonably request.
Obligations of the Academy Trust The Academy Trust must keep the Land clean and tidy and make good any damage or deterioration to the Land. The Academy Trust must not do anything to lessen the value or marketability of the Land without the Secretary of State’s consent.
Obligations of Client (a) The Client is bound by and must comply at all times with all rules, protocols, policies, procedures and induction requirements published by Viterra from time to time in the Pricing, Procedures and Protocols Manual, including those in relation to: (i) the terms and conditions of the Export Select and Purchase Option services offered by Viterra; (ii) health, safety and environment; (iii) site rules; (iv) labour ordering conditions for shipping; (v) operating conditions for Viterra's rail facilities; (vi) access and operating conditions for road movements at Viterra facilities, and must comply with all reasonable directions issued by Viterra. (b) While on any premises owned or operated by Viterra, the Client must (and must ensure that its employees, agents and contractors) comply with all reasonable directions given by Viterra's representatives, and do not create or bring on site any hazard or contamination.