Participant Characteristics. Twenty-three healthy male R.O.T.C. cadets, as described in Table 1 (Mean ± SD & range), participated in this study. As seen in Table 1, the mean percentage body fat was significantly lower when analyzed with taping than with DXA (p < 0.001). Based on questionnaire data, the men self-reported to consume an average of 2,364.45 ± 1,479.78 mL water daily.
Participant Characteristics. Table 1 summarizes the descriptive data on socio-demographic characteristics and depression variables. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in age, gender and level of education (6-10 vs. ≥ 11 years of formal education). Healthy participants were slightly older (F(1, 120) = 3.66, p = .058), counted a higher proportion of males (χ2(1) = 15.67, p <.001) and were higher educated (χ2(1) = 21.54, p <.001). All analyses comparing these two groups were corrected for age, gender and education. There were no significant differences in age or gender between the puzzle and music groups in the ND group; subsequently these variables were ignored in the analyses in this group. Although the mean CES-D found in the clinical group was below the cut point of 16, it was much higher than the mean reported in Beekman et al. (1994), who found in a sample of the normal population of Dutch elders [M = 8.8, SD = 6.9), t(62) = 5.44, p <.001]. In the clinical group, the correlation between the AMT and the CES-D (r = -.021, p = .87) and the association between the AMT and the use of antidepressants/tranquilizers (t = -0.31, p = .76) were non-significant. Hence, the analyses of AMT scores were not corrected for depression severity or use of antidepressants or tranquilizers. Table 1. Socio-demographic and mental health characteristics Remitted Depressed N=63 Never Depressed N=58 Test statistic p Age 55-86 F(1) = 3.41 .067 Mean (SD) 64.92 (6.84) 67.5 (8.5) 55 – 59 16 11 60 - 64 20 11 65 – 69 10 12 70 - 75 9 12 75 – 85 8 11 Gender M 15 (24%) 34 (58.6%) χ2(1) = 15.19 <.001 Cohabiting 38 (60.3%) 39 (67.6%) χ2(1) = 0.63 .429 EDU ≥ 11 yrs 30 (47.6%) 51 (88%) χ2(1) = 22.18 <.001 Mental Health Characteristics Previous MDD ≥ 2 episodes CES-D Mean (SD) Range ≥ 16 ≥ 22 Antidepressants or Tranquilliser a a five missing 54 (85.7%) 37 (59.7%) 15.07 (9.14) 0 – 43 29 (46%) 12 (19%) 13 (22%) Group differences on the AMT were analyzed with a multivariate ANOVA with group, gender and education level as BS variables and age as covariate. Only age had a significant main effect [Λ = 0.82, F(2, 111) = 12.15, p <.001]. Univariate tests showed that age affected the positive but not the negative cue words (F = 24.50, p <.001). Mood changes and the test-retest effect of the AMT were analyzed with a 2 (induction type: puzzle or music) x 2 (word valence: negative, positive) ANOVA repeated measures on the second factor. No different response pattern to positive and negative cue wo...
Participant Characteristics. Support Packages With comparison of experience in rural and remote locations with metropolitan areas. Other performance measures as developed by the NSW and Commonwealth Governments from the activity data provided monthly.
Participant Characteristics. Seventy-six households elected to participate in the study, providing information on a total of 365 individuals (Table 1). The age distribution of participants was 14% children under the age of five years (n = 50), 29% children age 5-14 years (n = 105), 47% adults age 15-49 years (n = 173) and 10% adults 50 years and older (n = 37). Gender distribution was evenly split between males (49.9%; n = 183) and females (50.1%; n = 182). Seventy-three percent of the adults surveyed reported being employed (n = 150) with 41% (n = 72) reporting employment in the agriculture and livestock sector; approximately 20% reported working as day laborers (n = 34). The median household income of participating households was MGA 1,614,975 (US$573) per year. Nearly 60% of the households surveyed (n = 45) reported having an unimproved latrine, while 18% had an improved latrine or flushing toilet (n = 14), and the remaining 22% had no latrine at all (n = 17). Households tend to be large with nearly 33% of the households holding six to nine people. The prevalence of STH infection, anemia, and nutritional indicators for the population of Ranomafana and surrounding villages was determined (Table 2). Seventy-eight percent (95% CI: 72.7, 83.2) of the population was positive for at least one STH (T. trichiura, A. lumbricoides, and/or hookworm). When evaluated by type of STH, 67.6% (95% CI: 61.4, 73.8) were positive with T. trichiura, 48.2% (95% CI: 39.0, 57.3) with A. lumbricoides, and 22.7% (95% CI: 16.5, 29.0) with hookworms. Twenty-five percent (95% CI: 19.1, 31.6) were positive for only X. xxxxxxxxx. Only 15.9% (95% CI: 9.9, 22.0) had co-infection of all three STHs. By age group, those that were 5-14 years of age had the highest prevalence of STH, with 93% (95% CI: 86.7, 100.0) positive for any STH and 21% (95% CI: 10.9, 31.2) positive with all three STHs. Children less than 5 years of age had the lowest prevalence of STH, with only 60.6% (95% CI: 41.3, 79.9) positive for any STH and 5.3% (95% CI: 0.0, 12.5) for all three STHs. Forty-four percent (95% CI: 28.6, 58.9) of children less than five years of age and 11.5% (95% CI: 6.1, 16.8) of adults age 15-49 were anemic. Nutritional indicators evaluated for children less than five years of age revealed that while only 9.1% (95% CI: 0, 19.2) were wasted, 54.6% (95% CI: 34.3, 74.9) were stunted, and 47.3% (95% CI: 28.6, 66.1) were underweight. Chi-square tests determined that the prevalence of A. lumbricoides has significantly decreased ...
Participant Characteristics. A total of six key informants participated in interviews. Three of them were senior level employees at Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx, one from each of the three target countries. An employee involved in public engagement and fundraising at CARE Australia was also interviewed. The other two participants were experts in the field of social marketing – the CEO of a brand communications agency based in Australia and an employee at a social campaigning consultancy in the UK. All six participants had previous professional experience in social cause campaigning, including gender equality advocacy. The participants from CARE Australia and Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx Mexico had been aware of #ThisIsNotWorking prior to this research, as they worked on the initial launch of the campaign in their respective regions. Eight themes were identified based on the analysis. Four of the eight themes describe potential challenges for a global advocacy campaign, which were shaped by sociocultural factors present in the target countries. The other four themes discuss strategic considerations for improving the #ThisIsNotWorking campaign. such as immigration and national healthcare would be considered more important by the public. In Australia, large-scale problems, like global warming, have garnered more attention than GBV because it is believed that the latter “only affects half the population” (Australia, brand communications agency). Second, though there are some public discussions on gender equality in the workforce, GBV does not appear to be the main point of interest. The level of public awareness is higher when it concerns more pervasive and visible problems, such as gender pay gap and lack of female representation in business leadership. A comment from one of the participants from the UK exemplified such lack of public awareness about GBV at work, as she said she was not aware of any previous gender equality campaigns that focused on the issue. She explained; “There is a lot of talk in the UK at the moment about gender equality from a paid perspective in the workplace… So that’s been more of the focus rather than matters like violence in the workplace… I think modern slavery as well gets some coverage. I’m not sure exactly how big of an issue [GBV at work] is here, if I’m honest” (UK, Xxxxxx Xxxxxxx) Third, participants noted that GBV at work, including sexual harassment, tends to be overlooked due to cultural interpretations that downplay abusive treatment of women. In the UK, sexual harassment is ...
Participant Characteristics. Among the 2,865 participants who participated in the study, the average age was 20.53 (SD=1.93), 64.4% (n=1846) were female, 1,823 (63.6%) were White, 645 (22.5%) Black, 192 (6.7%) Asian, 205 (7.2%) Other, and 218 (7.6%) Hispanic. In our sample, never users comprised 56.3%, current (past 4 month) users 12.4%, and former users (those who had used in their lifetime but not in the past 4 months) 31.3%.
Participant Characteristics. Data from 68 XXXx (16 XXX, 00 XXX, 00 XX, 00 OW) and 8 FGDs (each group had 5 to 7 participants; 23 UMW, 16 MW, 7 OW) were included in the analysis. In the FLIs, women’s ages spanned from 18 to 75, 100% were Hindu, 76% had at least some primary education, 63% had water within their household compound, and 54% had a toilet within their household compound (Table 1). FGD participants were 18 to 70 years old, 98% were Hindu, 98% had at least some primary education, 70% had water within their household compound, and 59% had a toilet within their household compound (Table 1). Recently married women did not participate in the FGDs, as their family members did not give permission. Fifty-four percent of FLI participants and 51% of FGD participants used cloth during menstruation, 13% (XXXx) and 18% (FGDs) used pads, and 32% (XXXx) and 31% (FGDs) used both pads and cloth (Table 2). Sixty-nine percent of FLI participants and 80% of FGD participants were still experiencing monthly menstruation at the time of the study (Table 2). Of those who were still experiencing menstruation and had a toilet, 66% of FLI participants and 100% of FGD participants reported using it during menstruation (Table 2). Of the 68 interviews, 66 indicated concerns related to menstruation (one MW and one OW reported no concerns related to menstruation).
Participant Characteristics. Support Packages With comparison of Aboriginal and Xxxxxx Xxxxxx Islander experience against the same measures for all participants. Other performance measures as developed by the NSW and Commonwealth Governments from the activity data provided monthly.
Participant Characteristics. Table 2. Means, Standard Deviations, and Stability of Maternal Distress across Time Table 3. Descriptive Statistics – Birth Outcomes at Time 3 Table 4. Descriptive Characteristics – Infant Outcomes Table 5. Simple Regression Analyses: Fetal Heart Rate Responses on Birth Outcomes Table 6. Logistic Regression of Fetal Responsivity Variables Predicting Non-optimal Xxxxx Scores at 5min Table 7. Simple Regression Analyses: Fetal Movement Responses on Birth Outcomes Table 8. Simple Regression Analyses: Fetal Heart Rate Responses on Infant Outcomes Table 9. Simple Regression Analyses: Fetal Movement Responses on Infant Outcomes Table 10. Correlations: All Study Variables Table 11. Intercorrelations between Measures of Distress and Infant/Fetal Outcomes Figure 1. Time course and events of study participation.
Participant Characteristics. There were 12,032 AYMSM aged 15 to 24 years who were included in our study. Overall, 47% of participants reported receiving free condoms (Table 3.1). AYMSM in the most disadvantaged ZCTAS had a mean age of 21 years (SD 2.4), were 11% Black and 33% Hispanic, and resided primarily in urban areas (45%). In comparison, AYMSM in the least disadvantaged ZCTAs were younger (mean age 20 years, SD 2.5), predominantly White (78%), and more likely to reside in suburban areas (49%). Among AYMSM in the most disadvantaged ZCTAs, 11% reported not having any health insurance, compared to 5% among AYMSM in the least disadvantaged ZCTAs. Having seen a health care provider in the past year was high in both groups. AYMSM in the most disadvantaged ZCTAs reported higher levels of CAI (67%) and STI diagnosis (10%) in the past year than AYMSM in the least disadvantaged ZCTAs, among whom 59% reported CAI and 7% an STI diagnosis. AYMSM in the most disadvantaged ZCTAs reported higher levels of STI testing in the past year (38%) and having ever tested for HIV (61%). AYMSM in the least disadvantaged ZCTAs reported less STI testing in the past year (31%), and less than half (47%) had ever been tested for HIV. Approximately two-thirds (67%) of AYMSM in the most disadvantaged ZCTAs and 55% of AYMSM in the least disadvantaged ZCTAs had heard of PrEP. Receipt of free condoms was reported by 53% of AYMSM in the most disadvantaged ZCTAs and 45% of AYMSM in the least disadvantaged ZCTAs. By ICE, AYMSM who resided in ZCTAs with the highest concentration of POC individuals (Q5) were correspondingly, more racially and ethnically diverse, with 54% Hispanic and 14% Black, whereas AYMSM who resided in ZCTAs with the highest concentration of White individuals (Q1) were 91% White, 7% Hispanic, and 1% Black. Among AYMSM in the highest POC concentration ZCTAs, 67% identified as gay and 25% were bisexual, whereas 72% of AYMSM in the highest White concentration ZCTAs identified as gay and 22% as bisexual. AYMSM in the highest POC concentration ZCTAs primarily resided in the South (45%) and West (33%) and in urban areas (57%). AYMSM in the highest White concentration ZCTAs were largely from the Midwest (43%) and Northeast (30%) and resided in rural (35%) and small and medium metropolitan (34%) areas. Across both groups, AYMSM were similar in age (mean age of 20 years). Among AYMSM in the highest POC concentration ZCTAs, 88% were on track with their education, and 13% reported being uninsured. For AYMSM in...
