Descriptive Statistics. To examine the characteristics of the data used in the study, descriptive statistics were computed for individual research variables and the result are relayed on Table1: Table 1: Summary of Descriptive Statistics LRGDP LRGDPIS LINSTA LINSTC Mean 10.90194 5.417658 13.25624 11.56805 Median 10.98033 5.508221 13.28180 11.68400 Maximum 11.17588 5.695592 14.51741 14.03675 Minimum 10.40441 4.857950 11.73019 9.150081 Std. Dev. 0.259721 0.250366 0.772570 1.651455 Skewness -0.580030 -1.012641 -0.453557 -0.027450 Kurtosis 1.903908 2.804567 2.623751 1.569840 Xxxxxx-Xxxx 1.910366 3.104972 0.723315 1.536279 Probability 0.384742 0.211721 0.696521 0.463875 Sum 196.2349 97.51784 238.6124 208.2249 Sum Sq. Dev. 1.146735 1.065610 10.14670 46.36416 Observations 18 18 18 18 Source: Authors’ Computation, 2022 Table 1 describes the characteristic nature of the sample data series relating to the effect of insurance sector development and the growth of Nigerian economy. Thus, is obvious from the Table 1 that insurance total assets (INSTA) has highest average value of 13.26, this is followed by insurance sector total claims paid (INSTC) with mean value of 11.57. The next is economic growth (RGDP)with average value of 10.90 while the productivity of the insurance sector (RGDPIS) has the lowest average value of
Descriptive Statistics. Our analysis focuses on the two main types on NTMs adopted by TTIP and TPP countries that affect trade flows, namely the SPS and TBT measures. We use the notifications made by these countries to the WTO.8 Each notification provides information on the notifying 8These notifications are used by the WTO in its 2012 World Trade Report (WTO, 2012) and are avail- able via the Integrated Trade Intelligence Portal (I-TIP) (xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx/english/res_e/statis_e/ itip_e.htm). Product codes are often missing from the I-TIP database and were added at the HS 4-digit level by the Centre for WTO Studies of the Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (xxxx://xxxxxxxxx.xxxx.xx.xx/). country (the importer), the affected product (defined at the HS 4-digit level), and the type of measure (SPS vs. TBT). We include all measures notified up to the end of 2012 which means that our dataset is more up to date than that developed by Xxx et al. (2009) which was the basis for several previous studies.9 However, WTO members are required to notify only new or changed measures, and the notification requirements apply only to measures which differ from international standards, guidelines, or recommendations, or to situations where no standards exist, and, in addition may have a significant impact on trade. As pointed out in the literature, this could affect the results of an analysis of their trade and welfare impacts. Before we present our descriptive statistics, recall that in almost all cases, NTMs are unilateral measures, i.e. they apply to a given product regardless of its origin. Furthermore, the principle of mutual recognition applies among EU Member States. According to this principle, goods and services can move freely across Member States, and national legislation does not have to be harmonized. Therefore, to avoid bias, we exclude intra-EU trade flows from our NTMs analysis. Table 4 provides some statistics on the share of agri-food and non agri-food products (defined at the 6-digit level of the HS classification) affected by at least one NTM, in the US, EU, and TPP countries other than the US. These statistics are further broken down into SPS and TBT measures. A very large share of products is affected by NTMs in these markets; however, our results suggest some differences between agri-food and non agri-food products. TTIP and TPP countries notify SPS and TBT measures on almost all agri-food products. For non agri-food products, the picture is different. For instance, the US not...
Descriptive Statistics. First, we generated descriptive statistics for key variables of interest and confounders (Table 1). We used chi-square tests of independence to compare individual characteristics of adolescent HPV vaccine initiators and non-initiators. Chi-square tests of independence were also used to compare individual characteristics of adolescents by race/ethnicity (see Appendix A, Supplemental Table 10). To evaluate the effect of race/ethnicity on initiation, we used two logistic regression models and controlled for confounding variables, including health insurance status, well-child visit, poverty status, provider recommendation, teen and maternal age, receipt of Tdap or Meningococcal vaccines, mother’s education level, marital status and census region (Table 2, Models 1a and 1b). We then used a third logistic regression model to examine racial/ethnic differences in provider recommendation, controlling for adolescent and parent characteristics (Table 2, Model 2). The fourth logistic regression model examined the effect of provider recommendation on the association between race/ethnicity and initiation. We created an interaction term between race/ethnicity and provider recommendation; non-Hispanic white adolescents served as the reference group (Table 2, Model 3). We then used the LSMEANS statement in PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC to better compare the role of recommendation in HPV vaccine outcomes across all racial/ethnic groups. We also conducted a sensitivity analysis to examine the separate roles race and ethnicity may have on likelihood of HPV initiation and provider recommendations. These results are included in Appendix A: Race and Ethnicity Sensitivity Analysis.
Descriptive Statistics. Table 1(a) to Table 1(d) show the descriptive statistics of the model variables in the LME model fitting datasets of 2013, 2014, 2015, and overall, respectively. A total of 11,586, 12,741, and 16,883 data records were included in the 2013, 2014, and 2015 model fitting dataset, respectively. The overall dataset covers 1095 sample days (from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2015). Within this time interval, the overall mean PM 2.5 concentration was 69.29 μg/m3, and the mean values of AOD was 0.58. The year specific mean PM 2.5 concentrations were 83.80 μg/m3, 68.26 μg/m3, and 60.12 μg/m3 for 2013, 2014, and 2015, respectively. The corresponding annual mean AOD values were 0.64, 0.60, and 0.54,respectively. The annual average PM 2.5 concentrations show a decreasing trend from 2013 to 2015. The seasonal mean PM2.5 concentration was highest in winter and lowest in summer (Table 2(a) to Table 2(d)), which was consistent with previous study.(Lv, Hu, Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx, & Xxx, 2016) The highest mean AOD was in summer and the lowest in fall. The seasonal patterns of PRECTOT, PBLH, RH_PBLH and NDVI were similar that the highest value occurred in summer and the lowest in winter. The seasonal patterns of PM2.5 and AOD were different. The relationship between PM2.5 and AOD is complex, which can be strongly affected by geographical, meteorological, and seasonal conditions. (Xxxx Xxx, Xxxxxxxx, Xxxx, & Xxxxxxxxx, 2007)
Descriptive Statistics. As shown in Table 1, the average proportion of people under investigation (PUI) who were confirmed to have COVID-19 was 0.69, with a range from 0.26 to 0.95 by county. The PUI who were hospitalized per county averaged to a proportion of 0.12, with a smaller range (0.02- 0.48). The average death rate per county was 5% of the PUI, ranging from as low as 3% to 40% of the PUI in a given county. Since the population of interest was pregnant individuals, data to consider possibility of pregnancy were included to contextualize the PUI in each county. The average proportion of PUI of women of childbearing age (ages 15 to 40 years) was 0.38. On average, 55% of the PUI across counties were female. The rate of pregnancy among PUI in a given county had a mean of 0.01 and stayed between 0 and 0.04. Tables 2 and 3 show the average proportions of pregnancy outcomes, pregnancy complications, and racial and ethnic categories of the mother in Georgia in the years 2019 and 2020, respectively. Of the pregnancies documented in 2019, the county average for live births was 0.99 of all births, with a mean of 0.12 being preterm and a mean of 0.01 resulting in fetal death prior to birth. These numbers were identical in 2020, with only slight changes to variation and range. The average racial and ethnic composition of pregnant mothers across all counties was approximately 65% white, 31% Black, 1-2% Asian, and 2% multiracial, with NHPI and American Indian mothers comprising a very small proportion of the county on average (0%). The mean proportion of Hispanic mothers in a county was 0.09, ranging from 0 to 0.49.
Descriptive Statistics. Descriptive statistics for the primary and additional variables of interest are presented in Table 2. Before proceeding with additional analyses, it was necessary to ensure that the data met the assumptions for linear regression. All variables of interest met the assumptions of linearity, normality, and homoscedasticity, making it appropriate to run analyses with these data in their original form. Differences in state self-esteem were examined to see whether performance feedback served as a valid self-esteem threat. A one-way ANOVA was utilized to examine the experimental manipulation of self-esteem threat. Assumptions of one-way ANOVA, including normality and homogeneity of variance, were met. State self-esteem scores among those who received negative feedback (M=66.07, SD=12.83) were not significantly different from the scores of those who received neutral feedback (M=68.58, SD=12.49), F(1, 157) = 1.56, p=0.21. Thus, it appears that manipulation of self-esteem threat, although modeled upon well-established paradigms in the literature (x.x. Xxxxxx & Xxx, 1994; Xxxx & Xxxxxxx, 1997; Xxxxxx & Xxxxxx, 2002) was unsuccessful in the current study. Among the 63 participants who were probed for suspicion, 21 participants raised suspicions regarding the authenticity and accuracy of the feedback given. When asked to rate the extent to which they believed the feedback given, participants provided an average rating of 4.73 out of 10. Thus, it appears that a nonnegligible number of participants raised suspicions regarding the cover story and the feedback given.
Descriptive Statistics. The researcher used data received from OSIIS for the 2008 two-year old children to run a secondary data analysis of the immunization coverage rates. Statistical Analysis Systems (SAS) was used for the analysis. The following variables were analyzed from the data to provide a snap shot of coverage by race, county vaccination coverage rates and gender. The study did not required direct contact with children, their families, or providers. All immunization history was extracted from the immunization registry for the secondary data analysis.
Descriptive Statistics. There were 1,000 individuals enrolled in the study. 991 individuals were included in the analysis, with 9 individuals eliminated due to incomplete diagnostic data (Table 1). The median age was 39.5 years old, and about one half of the study population (n=469, 47.3%) was male. There were 475 (47.9%) individuals that spent most of their day near a river and 315 (319%) lived near a river. The majority (n=800, 80.7%) of the study participants indicated they were farmers. IVM was previously taken by 878 individuals (88.6%), and 652 (65.8%) had taken IVM in the last year. Over two-thirds (n=712, 71.9%) of the participants reported itching in the past year, and 85.4% of those individuals indicated itching disturbed their sleep. Fewer individuals reported skin changes (n=251, 25.3%) and swelling of the leg (n=174, 17.6%). Vision changes were reported in 645 (65.2%) individuals. In contrast to participant-reported symptoms, there was a much lower prevalence of visual impairment and eye disease attributable to onchocerciasis found during the eye examination. Functional blindness was documented in 73 (7.4%) individuals, and a small percentage of individuals had corneal lesions (n=25, 2.5%) or MFAC (n=29, 2.9%). Any form of punctate keratitis was documented in 32 (3.3%) participants, with punctate keratitis stages A and B in 4 (0.4%) individuals. Approximately one half of the population (n=516, 52.1%) had skin nodules on examination, with a median of one nodule (range 0 to 16 nodules). Depigmentation was the most commonly observed form of OSD documented in 223 (22.7%) participants, and the remaining skin and lymph manifestations of onchocerciasis occurred in less than 20% of the population. The majority of the study population was seropositive for the antibody response against the antigens of primary interest to this analysis—Ov16 and Ov33. There were 774 (78.1%) participants who had a positive Xx00 XxX0 ELISA, 800 (80.7%) who had a positive Ov16 MBA, 819 (82.6%) who had a positive Ov33 MBA, and 634 (64%) who had a positive Ov17 MBA. Fewer individuals had parasitologic evidence of onchocerciasis: 147 (14.8%) skin snip microscopy positive, 209 (21.1%) PCR positive, and 225 (22.7%) qPCR positive. The majority of covariates had statistically significant differences across countries using the chi-square, Xxxxxx’x exact, and student’s t-tests. Xxxxxx’x exact test was used for only two variables with expected values less than five: physician documented punctate keratitis st...
Descriptive Statistics. Themes Exclusive Breastfeeding
Descriptive Statistics. Descriptive statistics are provided herein for this study. In fact, descriptive statistics were provided for all 14 secondary schools and the 107 teachers in Nur-Sultan. Descriptive statistics for the demographics such as teachers’ age, gender, country of origin, taught subject, dominant language, years of experience, and school type are also provided. Regarding the age, six were under 25 (5.6%); 15 were between 25-30 (14.0%); 35 were between 31-40 (32.7%); 26 were between 41-50 (24.3%); 23 were between 51-60 (21.5%); and two were between 61 and over (1.9%). In terms of gender, 13 (12.1%) were male; and 94 (87.9%) were female respondents. In respect of country of origin, 95 (88.8%) respondents were from Kazakhstan, and 12 (11.2%) of them were from other countries. In terms of taught subjects, 34 (31.8%) were language teachers; ten (9.3%) were Mathematics teachers, four (3.7%) were Science teachers; five (4.7%) were Social Science teachers; eight (7.5%) were teachers of Technology, Art, and PE; and 46 (43.0%) were teachers from other subjects. Regarding the dominant language, 83 (77.6%) were Kazakh, 17 (15.9%) were Russian, and seven (6.5%) were English speakers. In terms of years of experience, 20 (18.7%) were less than 5 years; 14 (13.1%) were between 5-10 years; 21 (19.6%) were between 11-15 years, 10 (9.3%) were between16-20 years, 42 (39.3%) were 21 years and over. Concerning the type of school, 97 (90.7%) were from public schools; and 10 (9.3%) were from private schools. All descriptive statistics for inter-factor correlations are provided in Table 5. Q9.5 I generally don’t find life enjoyable. 5.19 2.34 1 7 -0.82 Q9.12 On the whole, I have a gloomy perspective on most things. 5.50 2.07 1 7 -1.07 Q9.20 On the whole, I’m pleased with my life. 6.37 1.18 1 7 -2.29 Q9.24 I believe I’m full of personal strengths. 5.79 1.50 1 7 -1.26 Q9.27 I generally believe that things will work out fine in my life. 5.86 1.75 1 7 -1.59 Self-Control Q9.4 I usually find it difficult to regulate my emotions. 4.65 2.29 1 7 -0.31 Q9.7 I tend to change my mind frequently. 4.16 2.24 1 7 0.03 Q9.15 On the whole, I’m able to deal with stress. 5.24 2.10 1 7 -0.93 Q9.19 I’m usually able to find ways to control my emotions when I want to. 5.54 1.80 1 7 -1.04 Q9.22 I tend to get involved in things I later wish I could get out of. 4.90 2.06 1 7 -0.55
