Animal Welfare and Population Management Sample Clauses

Animal Welfare and Population Management. While the vast majority of owners provided food and water to their own animals, shelter and veterinary care provision were quite low. Although our study was limited to dog owners, these respondents also reported on the care that they provide to the community dog population, which helps characterize the welfare of community dogs in Haiti. Two-thirds of owners reported providing food and half reported providing water, indicating that basic community dogs’ needs are often met. There is also evidence that dogs in Haiti may feed from multiple sources, so community animals may be well fed even though the data suggest that there is a gap in provision of basic needs to these animals [46]. As might be expected, shelter and veterinary care were lower for community animals than owned animals. Shelter and measures to control animal migration are critical to limiting the risk of environmental exposures and improving the overall health of the dog population. Improperly disposed trash attracts roaming dogs to areas inhabited by humans, while behaviors such as open canine defecation can promote the spread of disease in these populated areas [46]. Nearly half of our owned dog population was free-roaming and at home part of the time, which indicates that there is a platform for the transmission and spread of a multitude of diseases from the community to homes or vice-versa. Moreover, the One Health theory supports the inextricable connection between the health of animals, humans, and the environment. Environmental hazards and inadequate veterinary care have a direct effect on the health of the human community. Veterinary care remains low among both owned and community animals. Low veterinary care could result in part from a dearth of qualified veterinarians in Haiti. CDC estimates that there are around 40 veterinarians in all of Haiti. According to estimates from different studies, between 42 to 57 percent of all urban households in Haiti own dogs [46]. By contrast, there were an estimated 59,230 veterinarians in the United States in May of 2013 [47] and an estimated 69.9 million owned dogs in the U.S. in 2012 [48]. The ratio of veterinarians to owned dogs in the U.S. is therefore 8.5 veterinarians per 10,000 dogs. By contrast, the ratio of veterinarians to owned dogs in Haiti is 0.35 per 10,000 dogs. The AVMA’s method was used to calculate the estimated owned dog population in Haiti of 1,143,750 [48]. The calculation is outlined in Table 7. Table 7: Owned Dog Population Ex...
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