Chemically Active Materials Sample Clauses

Chemically Active Materials. Closed-loop inhabited spacecraft, including a space suit, require removal of carbon dioxide from the breathing atmosphere. Current space suit technology utilizes a solid metal hydroxide to chemically react with CO2 thus removing it from the air stream. The disadvantage of the solid hydroxide is the inability to practically regenerate the material in space. This imposes a high expendable penalty on the mission. A more recent technology is a metal oxide sorbent that also reacts chemically with CO2. The system developed for the space suit is a batch system that is regenerated ex-situ in an oven at 400°F after each mission. The packaging of the metal oxide as developed by HSSSI affords a very high volumetric capacity for carbon dioxide adsorption, a necessity for a system where volume is limited. Unfortunately, the metal oxide sorbent is also fairly heavy which would be a disadvantage for a planetary mission with reasonably strong gravity. As currently used in the space suit, both of these alternatives also require that the spacesuit’s life support system contain sufficient reactive material to absorb all of the occupant’s exhaled carbon dioxide for the maximum planned EVA duration (and work load) plus some allowance for contingencies. In addition to the mass and volume of the sorbent, this requires that the life support system include a canister to contain the sorbent, vent flow headers and associated fittings. Together this adds significant weight and volume to the life support system, approximately 10 lbs and approximately 300 cubic inches in the case of the expendable LiOH sorbent and an even larger 29 lbs and approximately 400 cubic inches with the regenerable metal oxide sorbent. It should be noted though that work has also been on-going to develop a two-bed cyclic system primarily for land-based applications. In addition, both of these technologies require separate humidity control devices, as they cannot remove the amount of moisture that is generated within the breathing loop. In fact, the solid hydroxide generates water as carbon dioxide is adsorbed. An alternative sorbent-based design under development at HSSSI is a vacuum swing adsorption system using two solid amine sorbent beds with a cycling valve. The sorbent beds are alternatively connected to the circulating vent gas to remove CO2 and H2O from the breathing loop (adsorption phase) and to space vacuum for regeneration (desorption phase). As one bed is adsorbing CO2 and H2O, the second bed is d...
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Related to Chemically Active Materials

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