Family matters. Leave can be granted in accordance with the following and only applies to immediate family, which refers to husband/wife, registered partner, cohabitant, child, parent, sibling, parents-in-law, grandchildren and grandparents. a) Fatal illness b) Death c) Funeral d) Estate inventory or estate distribution (only if the employee is entitled to inheritance). The duration required for leave should be taken into consideration as well as any trip which needs to be made during working hours.
Family matters. Child maltreatment almost exclusively occurs within a family context (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, 2019; exceptions would be maltreatment by for instance daycare providers, babysitters, family friends or neighbors) and never just concerns one person as at least one perpetrator and one victim are involved. Nevertheless, a lot of research on child maltreatment has been conducted at the level of the individual. To illustrate this, we can have a look at the ten most cited empirical papers in Child Maltreatment and Child Abuse and Neglect2. Of the ten most cited papers in Child Maltreatment, only two papers reported on dyadic correlates of child maltreatment (Xxxxx et al., 2019; Xxxxxxxxxxxx et al., 2018). Of those in Child Abuse and Neglect, only one paper collected data beyond the individual level: this study included twins and mothers in order to control for family confounding (Xxxxx et al., 2018). All of the other 17 studies investigated child maltreatment at an individual level. Valuable insights can be gained from studies on the individual level. For instance, these studies are well suited to demonstrate the consequences of child maltreatment. However, by investigating child maltreatment at the individual level we cannot draw conclusions on dyadic (or triadic etc.) functioning, how family members influence each other, or on different perspectives of family members. Families are intricate networks of mutual influences. Each member brings their genetic baggage as well as their experiences into the mix. Within families, each 2 Child Maltreatment and Child Abuse and Neglect are the two primary scientific journals for child maltreatment research. Both journals provide a list of the most cited papers published in last three years (Child Maltreatment) or since 2018 (Child Abuse and Neglect). The ten most cited empirical papers (i.e., excluding meta-analyses and literature reviews) of each journal were reviewed on whether they collected data from more than one family member. This is not intended as an exhaustive literature review but as an example of the wider child maltreatment literature. family member exerts an influence on every other family member. Parent-child relationships are bidirectional (Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxxxxxx, 2016). For example, one study found that child externalizing behavior was associated with less positive parenting which in turn exacerbated externalizing problems over time (Xxxxxx et al., 2015). Another study found that maternal...
