Political Stream Sample Clauses

Political Stream. The second stream is home to visible participants such as Presidents, Senators, Representatives and political parties (Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2015: Xxxxxx, HuB & Xxxxxxxxxx 2015). In this stream, the traditional governmental actors (elected or appointed) are bargaining and competing for power to develop policies. The parameters in the political stream are national mood, political pressure groups and governmental turnovers (Kingdon, 1995). The national mood is the notion that a large number of people want policy changes (Knaggard, 2015). The national mood is an abstract parameter as it is hard to obtain (Xxxxxx, 2009: Knaggard, 2015: Xxxxxxxxxx, 2016a). Obtaining the national mood could be done by conducting public polls, public gatherings, political and public correspondence, elections or how media outlets depict certain policy issues (Xxxxxxxx, 2015: Xxxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2015). Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx, Rupietta, Xxxxx and Xxxxxxx (2021) suggest that policymakers should select an alternative dependent on their perception of the national mood. This could be problematic as the political actors can have biased information sources (Xxxxxxxxxx, 2016). For instance, if one political actor only watches conservative media (e.g. Fox News) they could have a wrong depiction of the national mood. Xxxxxxxxxx (2015) broadens the concept of the national mood. Political leaders and interest groups use public opinion but also strive to sway it in a particular direction (Xxxxxxxxxx, 2015: Knaggard, 2015). They frame certain policy issues in line with their ideological interests making framing of a policy issue a significant factor (Knaggard, 2015: Zahariadis, 2015). Xxxxxxxxxx (2015) states "leaders seek to influence a policy decision not only by taking advantage of the current national mood but also by framing the mood in a politically expedient way" (p. 468). The use of fear and emotions are considered to be a useful tool to sway the mood (Knaggard, 2015: Xxxxxxxxxx, 2015). Therefore it should be noted that the national mood does not necessarily depict the stances of the majority of the public. However, due to the importance of the national mood in the policymaking dynamics, these will be included. Especially before and during the presidential elections of 2016. Political pressure groups are the second parameter in the political stream. As mentioned prior, the concept of political pressure groups in the political stream is home to the visible participants (e.g. political...
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Political Stream. The first parameter that will be analysed in the political stream is the national mood. As mentioned in the theoretical framework, this parameter is hard to measure and obtain. However, it remains an important parameter to analyse as it could have considerable ramifications for policies (Xxxxxxxxxx, 2015). Political leaders and pressure groups can use the national mood to justify their decisions but can also sway the mood in a particular direction (Xxxxxxxxxx, 2015: Knaggard, 2015). The framing of climate change policies from an ideological perspective makes it a significant factor to analyse. Where both national mood and governmental turnover coincide is in Congress. Every two years, congressional elections are held in the US where different candidates strive to be elected. Congressional elections can be seen as important indicators of the national mood which also result in turnovers in House committees (Zahariadis, 2015: Keizra, 2014). Therefore, this thesis will analyse congressional committee reports. More specifically the Committee on Science, Space and Technology (SS&T). They are a standing committee (meaning they are relatively permanent) that has jurisdiction over the scientific research and policy development of climate change policies (House Committee on Science, Space & Technology, 2021). Furthermore, they decide the budget for the EPA and are tasked with oversight over the EPA. This committee comprises of Democrats and Republicans. The committee has 40 seats and the appointment of seats per party depends on the congressional elections which are held every two years. These elected officials can take positions in the committee on SS&T to make a public statement (Keizra, 2014). By doing so, they can appeal to voters in their districts and state they are for or against certain climate change policies. The composition of the committee can thus reflect the national mood. For instance, the Vice- Chairman of the committee in 2013 was Republican Representative of California, Xxxx Xxxxxxxxxx. He campaigned against climate change regulations and is a climate change sceptic (Hand, 2018). He lost after the congressional election of 2018, after 30 years of service in Congress. A survey by Global Strategy Group in his district suggested that Xxxxxxxxxx lost due to his stance on climate change. California has seen heavy wildfires this decade and his climate sceptic approach led to a swing in his districts mood. This resulted in him losing to a liberal candidat...
Political Stream. Xxxxxxx (1995) stated that a change of government may be enough to change policies. After the 2016 election in the US, Xxxxxx Xxxxx became president and this resulted in a governmental and administrative turnover. Meaning that this event led to a change in cabinet members and high ranking civil servants. Aside from the presidential elections, congressional elections that resulted in a shift in the national mood will also be analysed. This will be done by analysing the composition of the House Committee on SS&T and their reports. This Committee has authority over the EPA and jurisdiction over climate change policies making it an important actor to analyse in the political stream. The timeframe of the political stream will be between 2013-2018. It will start with the 113th (2013-2014) and then the 114th congress (2015-2016). The congressional elections prior to the presidential elections of 2016 could depict the national mood at that time. After the analysis of the 113th and 114th House Committee on SS&T, the governmental and administrative turnover as a result of the 2016 elections will be analysed. In doing so it will examine whether expectation 2 can be confirmed.

Related to Political Stream

  • Political Event A Political Event shall mean one or more of the following acts or events by or on account of any Government Instrumentality: (a) Change in Law, only if consequences thereof cannot be dealt with under and in accordance with the provisions of Article 37 and its effect, in financial terms, exceeds the sum specified in Clause 37.1; (b) compulsory acquisition in national interest or expropriation of any Project Assets or rights of the Concessionaire or of the Contractors; (c) unlawful or unauthorised or without jurisdiction revocation of, or refusal to renew or grant without valid cause, any clearance, licence, permit, authorisation, no objection certificate, consent, approval or exemption required by the Concessionaire or any of the Contractors to perform their respective obligations under this Agreement and the Project Agreements; provided that such delay, modification, denial, refusal or revocation did not result from the Concessionaire's or any Contractor's inability or failure to comply with any condition relating to grant, maintenance or renewal of such clearance, licence, authorisation, no objection certificate, exemption, consent, approval or permit; (d) any failure or delay of a Contractor but only to the extent caused by another Political Event and which does not result in any offsetting compensation being payable to the Concessionaire by or on behalf of such Contractor; or (e) any event or circumstance of a nature analogous to any of the foregoing.

  • Political Activity An employee shall not use his or her official authority for the purpose of interfering with or affecting the nomination or election of any candidate for public office. An employee shall not command or solicit in a coercive fashion from any other employee direct or indirect participation in any political activity or enforce or solicit in a coercive fashion contribution for any political party, organization, or candidate. An employee shall retain his or her right to vote and freely express opinions on all political subjects. An employee shall not be prohibited from participation in local community activities or from holding public office in the community in which the employee resides, provided that such activity does not conflict with Section 3.01 of the Rules and Regulations for Personnel Administration (and the Federal Hatch Act to the extent that employees of agencies receiving federal funds are subject thereto).

  • Political Activities Grant funds cannot be used for the following activities: A. Grantees and their relevant sub-grantees or subcontractors are prohibited from using grant funds directly or indirectly for political purposes, including lobbying, advocating for legislation, campaigning for, endorsing, contributing to, or otherwise supporting political candidates or parties, and voter registration campaigns. Grantees may use private, or non-System Agency money or contributions for political purposes but may not charge to, or be reimbursed from, System Agency contracts or grants for the costs of such activities. X. Xxxxx-funded employees may not use official authority or influence to achieve any political purpose and grant funds cannot be used for the salary, benefits, or any other compensation of an elected official. X. Xxxxx funds may not be used to employ, in any capacity, a person who is required by Chapter 305 of the Texas Government Code to register as a lobbyist. Additionally, grant funds cannot be used to pay membership dues to an organization that partially or wholly pays the salary of a person who is required by Chapter 305 of the Texas Government Code to register as a lobbyist. D. As applicable, Grantee will comply with 31 USC § 1352, relating to the limitation on use of appropriated funds to influence certain Federal contracting and financial transactions.

  • Indirect Political Event An Indirect Political Event shall mean one or more of the following acts or events: (a) an act of war (whether declared or undeclared), invasion, armed conflict or act of foreign enemy, blockade, embargo, riot, insurrection, terrorist or military action, civil commotion or politically motivated sabotage; (b) industry-wide or State-wide strikes or industrial action for a continuous period of 24 (twenty four) hours and exceeding an aggregate period of 7 (seven) days in an Accounting Year; (c) any civil commotion, boycott or political agitation which prevents collection of Fee by the Concessionaire for an aggregate period exceeding 7 (seven) days in an Accounting Year; (d) any failure or delay of a Contractor to the extent caused by any Indirect Political Event and which does not result in any offsetting compensation being payable to the Concessionaire by or on behalf of such Contractor; (e) any Indirect Political Event that causes a Non-Political Event; or (f) any event or circumstances of a nature analogous to any of the foregoing.

  • Non-Political Event A Non-Political Event shall mean one or more of the following acts or events: (a) act of God, epidemic, extremely adverse weather conditions, lightning, earthquake, landslide, cyclone, flood, volcanic eruption, chemical or radioactive contamination or ionising radiation, fire or explosion (to the extent of contamination or radiation or fire or explosion originating from a source external to the Site); (b) strikes or boycotts (other than those involving the Concessionaire, Contractors or their respective employees/representatives, or attributable to any act or omission of any of them) interrupting supplies and services to the Bus Terminal for a continuous period of 24 (twenty four) hours and an aggregate period exceeding 7 (seven) days in an Accounting Year, and not being an Indirect Political Event set forth in Clause 34.3; (c) any failure or delay of a Contractor but only to the extent caused by another Non-Political Event and which does not result in any offsetting compensation being payable to the Concessionaire by or on behalf of such Contractor; (d) any delay or failure of an overseas contractor to deliver rolling stock or equipment in India if such delay or failure is caused outside India by any event specified in Sub-clause (a) above and which does not result in any offsetting compensation being payable to the Concessionaire by or on behalf of such contractor; (e) any judgement or order of any court of competent jurisdiction or statutory authority made against the Concessionaire in any proceedings for reasons other than (i) failure of the Concessionaire to comply with any Applicable Law or Applicable Permit, or (ii) on account of breach of any Applicable Law or Applicable Permit or of any contract, or (iii) enforcement of this Agreement, or (iv) exercise of any of its rights under this Agreement by the Authority; (f) the discovery of geological conditions, toxic contamination or archaeological remains on the Site that could not reasonably have been expected to be discovered through a site inspection; or (g) any event or circumstances of a nature analogous to any of the foregoing.

  • Political Contributions Neither the Company nor any of its Subsidiaries has, directly or indirectly, at any time (x) made any contributions to any candidate for political office, or failed to disclose fully any such contribution, in violation of law; (y) made any payment to any state, federal or foreign governmental officer or official, or other person charged with similar public or quasi-public duties, other than payments required or allowed by all applicable laws; or (z) violated nor is it in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended.

  • Political Activity Prohibited None of the funds, materials, property or services provided directly or indirectly under the Agreement shall be used for any partisan political activity, or to further the election or defeat of any candidate for public office.

  • Prohibition on Political Activity with City Funds In accordance with San Francisco Administrative Code Chapter 12.G, Contractor may not participate in, support, or attempt to influence any political campaign for a candidate or for a ballot measure (collectively, “Political Activity”) in the performance of the services provided under this Agreement. Contractor agrees to comply with San Francisco Administrative Code Chapter 12.G and any implementing rules and regulations promulgated by the City’s Controller. The terms and provisions of Chapter 12.G are incorporated herein by this reference. In the event Contractor violates the provisions of this section, the City may, in addition to any other rights or remedies available hereunder, (i) terminate this Agreement, and (ii) prohibit Contractor from bidding on or receiving any new City contract for a period of two (2) years. The Controller will not consider Contractor’s use of profit as a violation of this section.

  • Prohibition on Use of Public Funds for Political Activity In performing the Services, Contractor shall comply with San Francisco Administrative Code Chapter 12G, which prohibits funds appropriated by the City for this Agreement from being expended to participate in, support, or attempt to influence any political campaign for a candidate or for a ballot measure. Contractor is subject to the enforcement and penalty provisions in Chapter 12G.

  • Political Leave Any employee who is a declared candidate for public office shall have the right to a leave of absence without pay for a reasonable period to campaign for the election. Such leave is subject to the conditions governing special leaves of absence without pay contained herein.

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