Runoff. The increase in impervious surface area would increase the current volume of runoff from the area. Runoff from new roads, if not collected and treated, would create temporary, localized increases in water turbidity of drainage pathways and in the Tongass Narrows (see the discussion of turbidity effects in Section 3.1.1). In addition, some contaminants such as oil and metals from vehicle brake dust are also likely to reach the drainage pathways and Tongass Narrows. In the climate of Ketchikan, frequent rainfall would limit accumulation of these materials on roadways. Thus, it is unlikely that these materials would run off the bridge or roadways in concentrations that would create conditions harmful to biota; again, the high circulation rates in Tongass Narrows would quickly dilute and dissipate any releases.
Runoff. Runoff enters the Barataria Bay estuarine system through a complex series of coastal swamps and wetlands, mostly from local precipitation. On a long-term (1961-1990) annual basis, precipitation over coastal Louisiana exceeds evaporation, thus, resulting in a net runoff into the Barataria Basin. Annual mean precipitation for the 30 years was reported as 160 cm (Xxxxxxx, 1987). In 1999, however, total precipitation was recorded as 114 cm due to the prolonged impact of the 1997-1998 El-Nino Southern Oscillation event, while the total amount of evaporation estimated using the GDIL1 data was about 124 cm. Hence, net freshwater input from the hydrological cycle must dictate the salinity distribution within the bay. Estuarine salinity decreases during periods of high runoff as the freshwater-saltwater interface moves down the estuary toward the sea, and it reverses when runoff decreases. There are several previous studies of runoff from land in Barataria Basin. Light et al. (1973) developed a hydrologic model to analyze freshwater flow in the Barataria area using the watershed management unit method. This model used precipitation, evapotranspiration, and physiographic data to calculate annual discharge from Bayous Chevreuil, Boeuf, and des Allemands. The investigators also developed a mean annual precipitation map based on a long- term record (1945-1970), and found mean annual rainfall excess values of more than 50.8 cm (20 inches) in the upper-basin watershed. Similarly, Xxxxxxxx et al. (1973) modeled runoff from land and freshwater inputs to water bodies using the cell method and assuming water losses from the water surface, both open and vegetation-covered. They computed the mean geographical distribution of freshwater flow over the basin. Wax et al. (1978) produced a water budget based on climatic conditions to estimate periods of freshwater surplus and deficit for the Barataria Basin system. Xxxxxx (1975) studied the characteristics of freshwater discharge and the drainage area near Lac des Allemands. He indicated that the freshwater inflow into Lac des Allemands was 42~54 m3 sec −1 under average flows and ~80 m3 sec −1 under peak flow conditions. Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx (1989) pro-rated this number to give a total runoff into the basin ~150 m3 sec −1 . Xxxxxx (1975) estimated that the freshwater input to the Barataria Basin was 12 × 106 m3 per tidal cycle or 266 m3 sec −1 . Xxxxxx (1982) estimated that the total precipitation over Barataria Basin was 21 × 106 m...
Runoff. The Contractor must maintain these policies on a claims-made basis (or run off cover if the business has ceased) for at least 10 years after the expiry or termination of this Agreement.
Runoff. The natural runoff flowing into wellhead areas shall be allowed and all new stormwater run-off shall be diverted around the wellhead protection areas wherever practical.
Runoff. If an insurance policy effected and maintained under this clause 16. is a claims made policy, the Clinical Advisor must maintain a current policy (or run off cover if the Clinical Advisor has ceased to provide services) for at least 10 years after the expiry or termination of this Agreement. The provisions of this clause survive the expiration or earlier termination of this Agreement and do not modify or limit any indemnity provided under clause 15..
