- Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx. A) The Employer agrees not to violate an employee's Xxxxxxxxxx right to Union representation as required by law.
B) The Employers and Union agree that where an employee is called in for questioning with respect to a matter(s) which could be the basis for possible criminal prosecution as well as possible department discipline, the following shall apply:
1) If the employee is subjected to an investigatory interview for the dual purpose of both possible discipline and possible criminal prosecution, the employee's Xxxxxxxxxx right to Union representation will be honored, in addition to the employee’s rights under Xxxxxxx and the employee’s rights under the criminal law as applicable (e.g., Miranda, 5th Amendment, 6th Amendment, etc.).
2) If the employee is subjected to an investigatory interview strictly for the purpose of possible discipline, the following shall apply:
a) The employee will be informed at the outset of the interview that it is strictly for the sole purpose of possible discipline.
b) The employee will be afforded their Xxxxxxxxxx right to Union representation as required by law.
c) The employee's Xxxxxxx rights as provided by law shall be fully complied with.
d) All of the information relating to and obtained through the disciplinary investigatory interview will be maintained separately from any criminal investigative proceedings, and shall not be accessible to, divulged to, or otherwise shared with any persons who may be involved in investigating the employee for purposes of possible criminal prosecution (i.e., a "Chinese Wall" is to be maintained between disciplinary investigative proceedings and any criminal investigative proceedings). Notwithstanding the foregoing, it is recognized that the Sheriff may be privy to both the results of the criminal investigation and the results of the disciplinary investigation. In that event, the Sheriff in making any decision with respect to discipline shall base the Sheriff’s decision only on the disciplinary investigation, not the criminal investigation.
3) If the employee is subjected to an investigatory interview strictly for the purpose of possible criminal proceedings, then the following shall apply:
a) The employee will be informed at the outset of the interview that it is strictly for the purpose of possible criminal prosecution.
b) The employee will not be entitled to any Union representation under
c) The employee will be afforded the employee’s full rights under the criminal law as applicable (e.g...
- Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx. Xxxxx agree to notify the other promptly of any claims or demands for which the other party may be responsible hereunder.
- Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx. (2015) refer to work that estimates that threefold increases in energy use are possible, but consider themselves that such extreme negative outcomes are unlikely. 136 For these groups, being able to travel is a benefit, of course. However, the congestion and the pollution caused by their travel is a cost for society. 137 This specific point raises another question: what will be the net impact on vehicle sales of a combination of a decrease in the number of vehicles owned at any given moment with an increase in vehicle turnover rates. Some authors have claimed that, in the long run, vehicle sales will increase (h ttp://xxx.xxxxxxxx.xxx/0000/00/00/xxxxxxxxxx-xxxx-xxxxx-xxxxxxxx-xxxxxx/ ). As this report is not publicly available, we will not discuss this point further here. 138 h ttps://xxxxxx.xxx/@xxxxxxxxxxxxx/x-xxxxxxx-xxx-x-xxxxx-xxxxxxx-xxxxxxx-000xxxx0x000#.0x000xxxx Xxxxx et al. (2014) estimate that the net effects on energy use could range from more than 90 % fuel savings to more than 150 % increase in energy use. Xxxxxx et al. (2014) “group the factors that will influence future energy outcomes from widespread AV adoption into three main categories”, and present them “in terms of increasing complexity of the factor being evaluated, uncertainty in the range of values, and potential influence on the resulting energy consumption.” They show that, depending on the dominating factors, the net effect on primary energy consumption could range from a decrease by roughly 80% to an increase by 100%. Category Key factors Vehicles Characteristics Weight Performance Right-Sizing Transportation Network Communication Roadways Consumer Choice Services (Passengers & Freight) Vehicle Miles Traveled Communities (the Built Environment) An important difficulty with the assessment of net results is that the devil is often in the details. For instance, on the one hand, Xxxxxxx et al. (2011) point out that autonomous vehicles eliminate the uncertainty that drivers face with respect to the decision of other drivers. With automated traffic, “computerized drivers’ decisions can be communicated directly to other vehicles, or to intersection-based infrastructure”. Using microscopic simulation, , Xxxxxxx et al. show that a First Come First Serve (FCFS) reservation system at intersections significantly outperforms a traditional traffic signal in reducing delay. On the other hand, Le Vine et al. (2015) argue that “car passengers start experiencing discomfort at lower rates of acce...
