Greece. There are no country-specific provisions.
Greece. The term “
Greece. Lender represents and warrants that it does not have a “secondary establishment” in Greece that may be subject to insolvency proceedings in Greece.
Greece. Greece is the third largest producer of olive oil in the EU (after Spain and Italy). As a result, agroindustrial biomass residues from the olive oil production process represent a significant potential of renewable energy sources. The major solid biofuel coming from olive oil processing in Greece is the so called “pirinoksilo” (literally “kernel wood”) which is a mixture of olive stones and exhausted olive pomace. Around 60% of this fuel is self-consumed by the pomace xxxxx that produce it in order to dry the incoming olive cake and to produce steam required for the pomace oil extraction process. The rest is used by the domestic and industrial sectors. Separation of olive stones from the olive pomace is only performed by a limited number of companies, usually xxxxx xxxxx. Xxxxx xxxxx that separate the stones may find it more difficult to find pomace xxxxx willing to take the remaining pomace residue. Moreover, olive stones are not as well-known as a fuel and consumers do not often realize the improvement in fuel properties compared to “pirinoksilo”.
Greece. The nut production is rising in Greece, which increases the availability of their shells. In this way, Greece produced in 2016 around 10% of the European production of almonds and walnuts and 50% of pistachios and thus the use of shells could if well driven, be an opportunity for new solid biofuel stream, being among the main commercialized solid biofuels in Greece. • Nut shells are probably the most important of such residues for the domestic sector. From these, almond shells are the most prevalent. The production of almonds in Greece amounted near 29,450t in 201616. Of these, almost the whole quantity was processed in crushing plants, where almond shells are produced as a by-product. The shell is between 55–70% by weight of the whole nut, which means that almond shell production in Greece is in the range of 16,198- 20,615 t. In addition, the nutshells price is low (65-120 €/t) and they do not present issues (e.g. odours) compared to other important solid biofuels such as exhausted olive cake. Therefore, its use might be encouraged. 16 FAOSTAT (Website consulted on 2nd May 2018). • Walnuts were also produced in significant quantities (22,571 t in 201616). The shell is around 55% of the nut. However, walnuts are mostly processed manually and there is minimal centralized production of walnut shells. It is expected that walnut shells are either disposed or used in stoves and fireplaces. The main constraint is that as explained, the producers limit the shells volume in the market because of the self-consumption, providing a low interest to upgrade this renewable resource and being important for a local use.
Greece. Pruning has a great potential as biofuel source in Greece, being their technical potential ranged between 1.5 and 2.5 million tons DM. However, this potential is currently mostly underutilized; only larger branches, mostly from olive trees, are used as firewood. The standard practice for the rest is either burning in open field fires or mulching and integration in the soil. In general, Greece has a high availability of olive tree and vineyard pruning, presenting a quite high production per hectare. Both biofuels have a similar heating value compared to forest wood biomass, being a possible cost saver for farmers due to their energy potential. This increases the xxxxxx’x interest to use them. Additionally, the legislation forbids the open-air burning of olive and vineyard pruning and this consequently may drive an increase of their use as biofuels in the future. On the other hand, olive tree and vineyard pruning present diverse constraints to implement their use, such as i) the collection costs and logistic operations increase the price, ii) the agricultural holding are small and a large value chain implementation may be difficult, iii) a higher ash content compared to forest wood biomass lead to a higher dust emission and iv) the use of these byproducts as mulch decreases their availability. Market Need Olive and vineyard pruning are an interest by-product but there is not a clear market for it Resources Availability Due to the strong olive oil and wine industry there is a large availability of the resource Public Support There is no specific public support to the use of pruning apart from the public support already mentioned for other biomasses Supply chain There is no a supply chain related to olive and vineyard pruning. As olive stones are mainly self-consumed, most probable is that olive pruning were firstly valorized by olive oil industries. Technology No standardization nor specific technology is developed in the country nor an interest exists to develop it
Greece. In this respect, the Government of the Hellenic Republic recalls that as a Member of the European Community, it has transferred competence to the European Community in respect of certain matters governed by the Agreement, which are specified in the Annex to this letter. The Hellenic Republic confirms the declarations made by the European Community upon ratification of the Agreement for the Implementation of the Provisions of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea of 10 December 1982 relating to the Conservation and Management of Straddling Fish Stocks and Highly Migratory Fish Stocks."
Greece. Non-EU citizens applying for a residence permit for the first time shall have to enclose a medical certificate to their application, together with relevant documentation. Those who don't hold any, shall undergo a medical screening before the permit is granted. • Refusal to grant the residence permit, or expulsion from the country are considered justified in the event of infectious diseases or epidemic outbreaks – as communicated by the World Health Organization – in order to safeguard public health. • Health care services provided to illegal, non-EU citizens suffering from tuberculosis, HIV, or other contagious diseases, are free of charge if their countries are not able to provide such services. During the treatment period a temporary residence and work permit shall be issued. • Illegal, non-EU nationals hosted at reception centres shall undergo a health screening, to be carried out by a special medical team from the Health Ministry Disease Prevention Centre, which includes: - General medical consultation; - Mantoux test; - Lung x-rays; - Any other test that may be deemed necessary for the protection of public health. • If any emergency treatment is needed, illegal, non-EU citizens are entitled to receive those health care services that are necessary to ensure their recovery, or stable health conditions. • Health care facilities do report illegal immigrants to Police authorities.
Greece. All types of Greek WISEs are formally recognised as institutionalised WISEs, corresponding to Typology 1. Namely, these enterprises are either Social Cooperatives of Limited Liability (KoiSPE; 29 WISEs), Social Cooperative Enterprises of Integration of Special Groups (KoinSEpEntaxisEidikonOmadon; 10 WISEs), Social Cooperative Enterprises of Integration of Vulnerable Groups (KoinSEpEntaxisEvalotonOmadon; 33 WISEs), Social Cooperatives of Inclusion (KoiSEn; 0 WISEs), Women’s Agricultural Cooperatives (141 WISEs). Only just between 2011 and 2021, the government legally recognised new typologies of WISEs in order to facilitate the integration of other disadvantaged groups. Italy has approximately 5300 Work integration social cooperatives as well as other WISEs (no number available), which are formally recognised by the government as WISEs (considered as Typology 1). The disadvantaged workers employed in these social cooperatives are mainly disabled persons, but also drug addicts, psychiatric patients and prisoners. The most widespread Italian WISEs are recognised by a Law adopted in 1991, but operating in Italy since the 1980s.
Greece. Currently there is no “ad hoc” legislation for the designation and common protection of National Critical Infrastructure; during the period of the 2004 Olympic Games, a certain number of Critical Infrastructures was designated as “Infrastructures of National Importance” and protected accordingly. KEMEA is working with the relevant Authorities in order to develop the proper legislation for the the designation and common protection of National Critical Infrastructure. Regarding the European Critical Infrastructures, the Presidential Decree (PD) 39/2011 established the procedure for the identification and designation of European Critical Infrastructures (“ECIs”) and a common approach to the assessment of the need to improve the protection of such infrastructures in order to contribute to the protection of the people, in compliance to Directive 2008/114/EC: regarding the identification and designation of the European Critical infrastructures and the assessment of the need to improve their protection (L. 345/23-12-2008).
