Interest Rate Swap Transactions. The Fund can enter into interest rate swap agreements. In an interest rate swap, the Fund and another party exchange their right to receive or their obligation to pay interest on a security. For example, they might swap the right to receive floating rate payments for fixed rate payments. The Fund can enter into swaps only on securities that it owns. The Fund will not enter into swaps with respect to more than 25% of its total assets. Also, the Fund will identify on its books liquid assets (such as cash or U.S. government securities) to cover any amounts it could owe under swaps that exceed the amounts it is entitled to receive, and it will adjust that amount daily, as needed. Swap agreements entail both interest rate risk and credit risk. There is a risk that, based on movements of interest rates in the future, the payments made by the Fund under a swap agreement will be greater than the payments it received. Credit risk arises from the possibility that the counterparty will default. If the counterparty defaults, the Fund's loss will consist of the net amount of contractual interest payments that the Fund has not yet received. The Manager will monitor the creditworthiness of counterparties to the Fund's interest rate swap transactions on an ongoing basis. The Fund can enter into swap transactions with certain counterparties pursuant to master netting agreements. A master netting agreement provides that all swaps done between the Fund and that counterparty shall be regarded as parts of an integral agreement. If amounts are payable on a particular date in the same currency in respect of one or more swap transactions, the amount payable on that date in that currency shall be the net amount. In addition, the master netting agreement may provide that if one party defaults generally or on one swap, the counterparty can terminate all of the swaps with that party. Under these agreements, if a default results in a loss to one party, the measure of that party's damages is calculated by reference to the average cost of a replacement swap for each swap. It is measured by the xxxx-to-market value at the time of the termination of each swap. The gains and losses on all swaps are then netted, and the result is the counterparty's gain or loss on termination. The termination of all swaps and the netting of gains and losses on termination are generally referred to as "aggregation." |_| Regulatory Aspects of Hedging Instruments. When using futures and options on futures, the...
Interest Rate Swap Transactions. In order to seek to hedge the value of the Fund against interest rate fluctuations, to hedge against increases in the Fund's costs associated with the dividend payments on any preferred shares, including the VRDP Shares, or to seek to increase the Fund's return, the Fund may enter into interest rate swap transactions such as Municipal Market Data AAA Cash Curve swaps ("MMD Swaps") or Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association Municipal Swap Index swaps ("SIFMA Swaps"). To the extent that the Fund enters into these transactions, the Fund expects to do so primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. The Fund may enter into these transactions primarily as a hedge or for duration or risk management rather than as a speculative investment. However, the Fund also may invest in MMD Swaps and SIFMA Swaps to seek to enhance return or gain or to increase the Fund's yield, for example, during periods of steep interest rate yield curves (i.e., wide differences between short term and long term interest rates). The Fund may purchase and sell SIFMA Swaps in the SIFMA swap market. In a SIFMA Swap, the Fund exchanges with another party their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments linked to the SIFMA Municipal Swap Index). Because the underlying index is a tax-exempt index, SIFMA Swaps may reduce cross-market risks incurred by the Fund and increase the Fund's ability to hedge effectively. SIFMA Swaps are typically quoted for the entire yield curve, beginning with a seven day floating rate index out to 30 years. The duration of a SIFMA Swap is approximately equal to the duration of a fixed-rate municipal bond with the same attributes as the swap (e.g., coupon, maturity, call feature). The Fund may also purchase and sell MMD Swaps, also known as MMD rate locks. An MMD Swap permits the Fund to lock in a specified municipal interest rate for a portion of its portfolio to preserve a return on a particular investment or a portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities to be purchased at a later date. By using an MMD Swap, the Fund can create a synthetic long or short position, allowing the Fund to select the most attractive...
Interest Rate Swap Transactions. In order to seek to hedge the value of the Fund against interest rate fluctuations or to seek to increase the Fund’s return, the Fund may enter into interest rate swap transactions such as Municipal Market Data AAA Cash Curve swaps (“MMD Swaps”) or Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association Municipal Swap Index swaps (“SIFMA Swaps”). To the extent that the Fund enters into these transactions, the Fund expects to do so primarily to preserve a return or spread on a particular investment or portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities the Fund anticipates purchasing at a later date. The Fund may enter into these transactions primarily as a hedge or for duration or risk management rather than as a speculative investment. However, the Fund also may invest in MMD Swaps and SIFMA Swaps to seek to enhance return or gain or to increase the Fund’s yield, for example, during periods of steep interest rate yield curves (i.e., wide differences between short-term and long-term interest rates). The Fund may purchase and sell SIFMA Swaps in the SIFMA swap market. In a SIFMA Swap, the Fund exchanges with another party their respective commitments to pay or receive interest (e.g., an exchange of fixed rate payments for floating rate payments linked to the SIFMA Municipal Swap Index). Because the underlying index is a tax-exempt index, SIFMA Swaps may reduce cross-market risks incurred by the Fund and increase the Fund’s ability to hedge effectively. SIFMA Swaps are typically quoted for the entire yield curve, beginning with a seven day floating rate index out to 30 years. The duration of a SIFMA Swap is approximately equal to the duration of a fixed-rate Municipal Bond with the same attributes as the swap (e.g., coupon, maturity, call feature). The Fund may also purchase and sell MMD Swaps, also known as MMD rate locks. An MMD Swap permits the Fund to lock in a specified municipal interest rate for a portion of its portfolio to preserve a return on a particular investment or a portion of its portfolio as a duration management technique or to protect against any increase in the price of securities to be purchased at a later date. By using an MMD Swap, the Fund can create a synthetic long or short position, allowing the Fund to select the most attractive part of the yield curve. An MMD Swap is a contract between the Fund and an MMD Swap provider pursuant to which the parties agree to make ...
Interest Rate Swap Transactions. (a) This clause B3.3 applies to Interest Rate swap Risk Management Transactions.
