Material and Method Sample Clauses

Material and Method. This study was a cross-sectional analytical research design. Based on a pilot study, a total number of 96 lateral cephalometric radiographs were included as subjects. These radiographs belong to patients from the Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University. The x-ray films of female cleft patients, aged between seven and 18 years were only included. The radiographs with low contrast, artifacts and lack of sharpness or blurry were considered as low quality and omitted from the study. To distribute CVM stages of the subjects as equal as possible, quota- sampling technique was used to choose eight samples for each age ranged from seven to 18. To prevent assessment bias, all lateral cephalometric radiographs were masked to hide ID, age and other non-relevant craniofacial structures, and were identified only by numbers from 1 to 96. All subjects were represented only cervical vertebra. Two examiners who were orthodontic postgraduate students involved in this research were intensively trained in the CVM method developed by ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ et al(16) involving three methods: Each subject’s masked radiograph was placed on a light box in a darkened room. The examiners directly inspected the radiograph and interpret the CVM stages according to ▇▇▇. 1 and Table 1.

Material and Method. This paper aims at providing justification for specific public policies in rural areas, with emphasis on the implication of the new directions in post-2013 CAP implementation. Relying on recent publications in the field, WKH SDSHU DFWXDOO\ FRQVWLWXWHV D SURIHVVLRQDO VWXG\ FRQYH\LQJ WKH DXWKRUV¶ views on the future of the Common Agricultural Policy, trying to emphasize the importance of financing agriculture in the 2014-2020 Multi-Annual Financial Framework, as well as the main changes proposed for the next years. The Common Agricultural Policy is implemented through multi- annual financial frameworks based in inter-institutional agreements which cover the processing and distribution of all EU funds. These agreements covered the following intervals: 1988-1992 (▇▇▇▇▇▇ I Package, OJ L 185 of 15 July 1988), 1993-1999 (▇▇▇▇▇▇ I Package, OJ C 331 of 7 December 1993), 2000-2006 (Agenda 2000, OJ C 172 of 18 June 1999 and OJ L 160 of 26 June 1999), 2007-2013 (OJ C 139 of 14 June 2006) and 2014-2020 (OJ L 347 of 20 December 2013). Since the Lisbon Treaty, the MMF has become a legally binding act; it is the most important instrument for evaluating the implementation of the EU budget and policies. The political agreement between the Commission, the Council and the European Parliament establishes the regulation on Direct Payments, the Single Common Market Organization, the Rural Development, the financing, the CAP managing and monitoring, the Multi-Annual Financial Framework (the transfer of funds between pillars, the allocation of national envelopes for DP and RD, the co-financing rates, etc.) The CAP reforms from 1992 (MacSharry), 1999 (Agenda 2000), 2003 (▇▇▇▇▇▇) and 2008 (Health Check) introduced a shift from products support to producer support, from direct payments spending to rural development. During these reforms and along with the EU enlargement process, the share of CAP expenditure of the EU budget fell from 93.5 % in 1969 to 41.4 % in 2013 (Fig. 1).

Material and Method. Variable design for program development

Material and Method. This was a prospective study conducted in a group of patients at the outpatient eye clinic at Srinagarind Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Thailand. The present study was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of Khon Kaen University. The inclusion criteria were patients (a) willing to participate (b) having normal corneae and (c) being 18 years or older. The exclusion criteria were patients with eye infections, corneal ulcer or scar, ruptured eyeball, allergy to latex(7) or tetracaine or uncooperative. All patients signed an informed consent form before entering the present study. Patients were randomized into two groups to receive IOP measurements using a Tono-Pen® XL with two different types of tip covers. In Group 1, the IOP of the right eyes were first measured using Ocufilm® as the tip cover, followed by using the fingertip of a surgical glove. As for the left eyes, the tip of the surgical glove was used first, followed by use of Ocufilm®. In Group 2, the IOP of the right eyes was first measured using the tip of the surgical glove, followed by the use of Ocufilm®, while for the left eye the latter was used first, followed by the tip of the surgical glove.

Material and Method. Patients were randomized into two groups to receive IOP measurements using Tono-Pen® XL with two different types of tip covers. In Group 1, the IOP of the right eyes were first measured using Ocufilm® as the tip cover, followed by using the fingertip of a surgical glove. As for the left eyes, the tip of the surgical glove was used first, followed by use of Ocufilm®. In Group 2, the IOP of the right eyes was first measured using the tip of the surgical glove, followed by use of Ocufilm®, while for the left eye the latter was used first, followed by the tip of the surgical glove. A single operator measured the IOP in each eye twice using each type of tip cover. Agreement between the Tono-Pen® XL measurements using the two different tip covers was analyzed using the ▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇ analysis. The difference between the repeated measures was assessed for reproducibility of the Tono-Pen® XL measurements with regard to each type of tip covers. Results: 100 patients (200 eyes) were recruited into the present study. The mean difference of IOP taken by the Tono-Pen® XL covered with Ocufilm® and the fingertip of a surgical glove was -0.21 mmHg (95%CI: -0.36 to -0.05). The limits of agreement (confidence interval 95%) as calculated by the ▇▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇▇▇ plots for Ocufilm-Fingertip of a surgical glove was -2.43 to

Material and Method. The observers reviewed all the slides of the malignant pleural mesotheliomas diagnosed during the period ranging from 2004 to 2017. The ▇▇▇▇▇ Kappa was performed in order to evaluate the agreement between both observers into classifying mesotheliomas, subtyping and grading epithelioid mesotheliomas. Two rounds of examination were planned with a delay period of one month. After the first round, the reviewers discussed the different difficulties and challenges they faced. All the statistic tests were performed using the SPSS software version 12.0.

Material and Method. Twenty patients with complete cleft lip and cleft palate who had undergone alveolar bone grafting with CBCT follow-up 3-6 months postoperative at the Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University were recruited into the study. Four trained clinical assessors (two orthodontists, an oral surgeon and an oral radiologist) had made a judgment of three outcome measurements: 1) cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) to marginal bone level of the teeth adjacent to the cleft site, 2) marginal bone level to root apex of the teeth adjacent to the cleft site, 3) labio-lingual alveolar bone grafted thickness. Repeat measurements were made by the same assessors.

Material and Method. The present study is a pilot study which comprised a group of patients with complete cleft lip and cleft palate who had received alveolar bone grafting follow-up at the Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University between February 2012 and June 2012. The inclusion criteria for the present study were alveolar bone grafting 3-6 months previously. Patients who had systemic disease which interfere with bone formation were excluded from the study. The research was reviewed and approved by Ethics Committee of Khon Kaen University (HE551063). Cone beam computed tomography was performed using the WhiteFox Cone beam 3D system (WhiteFox, WhiteFox Imaging, Italy). The technical parameters for image acquisition were 105 kv, 9 mA, field of view (FOV) in 60 mm x 60 mm (half arch) and voxel size of 0.2 mm3. During the CBCT imaging, patients were stood so that Frankfort plane was parallel to the floor with sagittal plane perpendicular. Measurements of the CBCT images were performed digitally using the WhiteFox imaging software version

Material and Method. A total of 279 inpatient records were reviewed by 23 clinical auditors. Each record was examined independently by 3 auditors using a standardised review form. Agreements on the occurrence of AEs among auditors were assessed using Kappa statistic (k).