Problem Description Sample Clauses

Problem Description. The Universities participating in this Laboratory XL Project are testing a new environmental management regulatory model which they have championed on behalf of the Laboratory Consortium for Environmental Excellence (LCEE), a Boston-based group of laboratory organizations and academic institutions organized to address environmental management issues in laboratories. To understand the nature of this project, it is useful to consider its regulatory context. The management of chemicals in laboratories is primarily regulated by two Federal statutes: The Occupational Safety and Health Act (OSHA) and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). While the Occupational Safety Health Administration recognized laboratories as unique settings and developed a performance-based standard to allow laboratories to more efficiently and effectively meet health and safety requirements, the requirements of RCRA are less readily adapted to such a setting. This is in large part because the RCRA program was not designed for a laboratory environment, but rather for those organizations where it has been and is quite successful--manufacturing and industrial operations. The requirement for a hazardous waste determination and the management and handling provisions of RCRA are effective in a manufacturing environment where large quantities of a small number of hazardous wastes are consistently produced. In contrast, university laboratories typically generate relatively small quantities of many different hazardous wastes on a discontinuous basis. Furthermore, there are specific handling and management requirements for “hazardous wastes” under RCRA which may not apply to the larger universe of hazardous chemicals used in the laboratories which are subject to OSHA. Thus, university laboratories are essentially required to implement and track two parallel and not always consistent chemical management systems within the laboratory setting; one under RCRA which includes externally imposed requirements governing the management and handling of “hazardous waste,” and one under OSHA which is a performance-based, internally-developed management system governing the management and handling of “hazardous chemicals.” Such distinctions between, for example, sulfuric acid and waste sulfuric acid are generally “artificial” to laboratory workers who are trained in recognizing and understanding chemical hazards and managing such chemicals in a manner that minimizes these hazards. The implementatio...
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Problem Description. Reasons for Request for Regulatory Flexibility 1. Hazardous Waste Determination [40 CFR 262.11] The Universities have found, and their stakeholder group has confirmed, that hazardous waste determination may be made prematurely in the laboratories and may be a barrier to the reuse, recycling and redistribution of laboratory waste throughout the institution. This is attributable to the finding that once researchers and graduate students no longer have use for an individual laboratory waste, they are seldom aware of the reuse and recycling opportunities available in other laboratories. Thus, they are prone to call even reusable materials “hazardous waste.” The result is that a certain quantity of reusable material is unnecessarily disposed of every year. In fact, under the current OSHA/RCRA 1Such performance-based systems applicable to hazardous materials in laboratories have been developed and successfully implemented by the National Institutes of Health for biohazards, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for nuclear hazards and OSHA for workplace hazards. For example, under OSHA’s performance-based Laboratory Standard, management of hazardous materials in the laboratory is principally regulated by means of a written Chemical Hygiene Plan as required under 29 CFR 1910.1450, which is developed by each organization in accordance with the criteria set forth in the standard. scheme, a 1996 survey revealed that less than 1% of laboratory waste is currently reused by university laboratories.
Problem Description. In order to better motivate the generalization process that led to the design of protocol presented in this paper, let us introduce a model that we will show to encompass various practical problems, and an example situation for which solutions in literature (to the best of our knowledge) do not give satisfactory results. (i) Let N be a network, where each node i ∈ N has access to a Random Variable X , where X(i) = (X(i), . . . , X(i)), for all c ∈ {1, . . . , m}, where X(i) takes values in a discrete set V , P(i) 1 m c c c is its probability mass function, and X(i) = X(l), for all i, l ∈ N and for all c. Each node i . Σ c c records O(i) = x(i), . . . , x(i) , the observed values given by the random variable. The goal of 1 m our protocol is to allow the nodes in N to reach agreement on a vector of observed values. We make a distinction between two kind of components: ambiguous and unambiguous. A component c is ambiguous if there exist two honest nodes i, l ∈ N who observe two distinct values x(i) =ƒ x(l), otherwise we say that the component is unambiguous.
Problem Description. Currently, more and more travel agencies outsource tour-guides‟ business to service suppliers, that is, travel agencies entrusted tourists‟ service to service suppliers; Tourists prefer to choose the travel agency which brings higher tourism‟s utility for them through good travel experience supported by service suppliers. So the relationship among tourists, travel agencies and service suppliers are dual principal-agent, among which travel agencies are both principals and agents. This paper researches the service outsourcing system consisting of a travel agency, a service supplier and tourists. In the system, the system‟s output is determined by collaborative service of the travel agency and the service supplier, and tourists‟ utilities is determined by efforts level of the travel agency and the service supplier. During the cooperation between the travel agency and the service supplier, the private information of both parties is difficult to be observed by each other. So it is easy to lead to moral hazards in both parties, therefore, affect tourists‟ utility and satisfaction. According to dual principal- agent theory, the best way for the travel agency is to provide the service supplier with a set of effectively incentive contracts, which optimizes tourism experience of tourists, at the same time, maximizes the service supplier‟s utilities after satisfying the travel agency‟s revenue. (1) the travel agency provides service outsourcing contracts with fixed salary and revenue sharing coefficient to the service supplier; (2) The service supplier adapts his service cost according to the contract supplied by the travel agency and decide whether to sign contracts; (3) if the service supplier accepts contracts, the travel agency and the service supplier maximize tourists‟ utilities by their optimal efforts levels at the same time maximizing their expected utilities; (4)after finishing the cooperative production, the travel agency pays fees to the service supplier.
Problem Description. Describe the Problem. Define the problem in measurable terms. Specify the internal or external customer problem by describing it in specific, quantifiable terms: Who, What, When, Where, Why, How, How many. Consider both the defect itself and how it escaped detection/capture.
Problem Description. Description of diagnostic work performed and data collected by HP.
Problem Description. In this section we try to highlight the difficulties in the semantics of the two aforementioned relationships by listing a number of questions in each case.
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Problem Description. One of the weaknesses in the DHC protocol is that requesting and issuing DHCP addresses is typically done in an unauthenticated way. The new computing device sends a broadcast to the network, asking for an IP address. The DHCP replies to the device with the address to use for subsequent IP communication (among other pieces of information). This unauthenticated use of DHCP provides some attack vectors for adversaries on the network. The following scenario describes the attack vector called rogue DHCP Server which is present on many DHCP networks. In this scenario, an eduroam access network has a legitimate router and a legitimate DHCP server. A malintended eduroam user (or malware-infected device) connects to the network, authenticates, requests an IP address from the legitimate DHCP server and connects to the internet. His communication is properly encrypted through the Access Point (AP). user with account 802.1X: xxxx@xxxxx.xxx EAPoL key AP Gateway 192.168.1.1 DHCP request? malicious intent DHCP lease [192.168.1.125; GW=192.168.1.1] Figure 2.1: Login of valid user with malicious intent The user then sets up a NAT gateway, which maps from its own IP address range of choice to his obtained IP address; and an own DHCP server, which announces his new NAT address as default gateway and hands out its own IP addresses in his own address range. Gateway 192.168.1.1 communicates 192.168.1.125 Gateway: 10.0.0.1 DHCP: 10.0.0.1/24 AP
Problem Description. Reasons for Request for Regulatory Flexibility 1. Hazardous Waste Determination [40 CFR 262.11] The Universities have found, and their stakeholder group has confirmed, that hazardous waste determination may be made prematurely in the laboratories and may be a barrier to the reuse, recycling and redistribution of laboratory waste throughout the institution. This is attributable to the finding that once researchers and graduate students no longer have use for an individual laboratory waste, they are seldom aware of the reuse and recycling opportunities available in other laboratories. Thus, they are prone to call even reusable materials “hazardous waste.” The result is that a certain quantity of reusable material is unnecessarily disposed of every year. In fact, under the current OSHA/RCRA scheme, a 1996 survey revealed that less than 1% of laboratory waste is currently reused by university laboratories.
Problem Description. Since 2010 the process of undertaking voluntary commitments has been launched in Georgia under the Covenant of Mayors which means that the cities joined this initiative aim to reduce the GHG emissions for their territories by 20% till 2020. Main sectors considered by the EU cities within the frames of this initiative are transport and buildings; however, the cities may include some other sectors as well (street lighting, waste management, landscaping, etc.). Following Tbilisi, other self-governing cities of Georgia enthusiastically embraced this initiative and started to join it gradually. 13 self-governments have already joined this initiative, including 9 self- governing cities and 4 municipalities. There have already been developed Sustainable Energy Action Plans (SEAP) for eight self-governing cities and a monitoring report - for Tbilisi. Main sectors considered by the cities of Georgia include transport, buildings, street lighting, waste management and landscaping. Telavi Municipality is located in Kakheti region. It was declared municipality in 2006. From 2014 city of Telavi became self-governing city and Temi Telavi became independent municipality. Its population was 38 721 people in 2014. The climate in the municipality is temperate wet, with moderately cold winter and hot summer. Mean annual temperature equals to 12oC and the annual sum of precipitation makes 700-800 mm. Telavi municipality became a legatee of the signature to the Covenant of Mayors (CoM). Telavi municipality has signed the Covenant of Mayors (CoM) on January 30, 2015 and thus has undertaken an obligation to prepare and implement within its administrative borders the SEAP aimed at the reduction of GHG emissions. The SEAP for the city of Telavi is currently being prepared and is to include Transportation, Buildings, Street lightning, Greening, Waste sectorsas well Agriculturefor both mitigation and adaptation purposes. The municipality of Telavi has neither an appropriate experience, nor skills, or enough technical staff to plan or manage sustainable development process of municipality; Particularly, one of strategic sectors of Telavi, under the short-term strategy of sustainable energy development process, is building sector but in order to move smoothly to clean/low emission buildings carrying out of serious steps and planning awareness raising activities for the population are being required, highlighting advantages of energy savings and utilization of local renewable energy res...
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