Study Characteristics Sample Clauses

Study Characteristics. 15 3.1.3 Measurement of Social rank and related constructs 16
Sample 1
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Study Characteristics. Study characteristics are reported in table 1. The majority of the studies employed a cross-sectional design (N= 12). Three studies utilised a prospective cohort study design (Brugnera et al., 2019; Xxxxxx, Xxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2012; Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2010). Two studies did not report the length of time between baseline data collection and follow-up, but only described it as pre- and post-treatment (Xxxxxx, Xxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2012; Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx & Xxxxxxx, 2010). In the other study (Brugnera et al., 2019), the length of time between baseline data collection and follow-up was 12 months. One study (Xx & Xxxxx, 2020) employed an ecological momentary assessment (EMA), which assessed participants repeatedly in their natural environment in real time. The majority of studies included a control group of healthy participants (i.e. not having a diagnosis of ED) (N= 11).
Sample 1
Study Characteristics. Studies that met inclusion criteria and their individual characteristics, including location of study, and the population involved, are listed in Tables 1 and 2. For both groups (cancer care and cancer screening) of data, study subjects are defined as FtMs, MtFs, gender queer and gender non-confirming individuals, healthcare providers, and transgender health advocates. Fifteen studies were done in the United States (most, but not all, were conducted in large, urban cities) and one study was done in Canada. The 9 studies on cancer screening in transgender individuals are summarized in Table 1. Seven of these studies used qualitative methods. Of those, three used focus groups; one with transgender health advocates, and another two with medical providers. Four qualitative studies used in-person and phone interviews of transgender patients. Other studies used quantitative methods; three studies used online surveys that targeted transgender individuals and three used retrospective chart review of patient data (one of these studies also looked retrospectively at the subjective data directly taken from patient charts completed by providers). The majority, 6 out of 9, studies focused on cervical cancer screening. One looked at breast cancer screening, one looked at both breast and cervical cancer screening, and one remaining study looked at anal cancer screening. Seven studies published from 2008 through 2016 examined barriers to and facilitators of cancer care in transgender people (Table 2). Two of those studies used qualitative methods; both based on in-person interviews (one study was an interview with a single transgender patient). Five studies used quantitative methods; one study used interview data of transgender cancer patients from the Cancer’s Margins project, which studies the experiences of transgender people with cancer, in Canada, three studies used internet questionnaires, administered one to OB/GYN providers, oncology practitioners and cancer patients, and one study used retrospective review of survey data from the LIVESTRONG dataset (a national survey of cancer survivors in the United States, which included a subset of transgender patients).
Sample 1
Study Characteristics. A total of 2,871 participants were included, and study sample sizes ranged from one to 370 (Mean = 111) with 17 studies including both men and women. Sixteen studies were conducted in forensic mental health services and nine in non-forensic mental health services, across nine countries: UK (n = 8), Netherlands (n = 5), USA (n = 4), Canada (n = 2), Sweden (n = 2), Australia (n = 1), Norway (n = 1), Germany (n = 1), and Ireland (n = 1). Additional study characteristics are presented in Table 2. Figure 3 PRISMA flow diagram of study selection Table 2 Study characteristics Study Country Sample Characteristics Clinical Characteristics Method of Assessing Dynamic Risk Factors Aggressive Outcome Quality Assessment (0-9) Forensic Mental Health Services (n = 16) Abidin (2013) et al. Men = 94 (94%) Women = 6 (6%) Mean Age = 40.45 SD = 12.8 Range = 21.1 - 69.3 Psychosis = 85 (85%) Affective Disorder = 12 (12%) Intellectual Disability = 3 (3%) Structured Risk Assessment Physical aggression towards others and autoaggression, assessed through routine incident reporting forms, daily nurse management logs, and statutory forms for seclusion and restraint 6 Ireland Xxxxxxx (2016) et al. Netherlands Men = 69 (100%) Mean Age = 37.9 SD = 7.9 Affective Disorder = 5 (7.2%) Personality Disorder = 69 (100%) Substance-use Disorders = 53 (76.8%) Developmental Disorder = 15 (21.7%) Other = 6 (8.7%) No Diagnosis = 10 (14.5%) Emotional Stroop, Signal Detection Task, Graded Emotion Recognition Task Physical and verbal aggression towards others, and property aggression, assessed using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale 6 xx Xxxxx (2019) et al. Netherlands Men = 68 (68%) Women = 32 (32%) Mean Age = 32.01 SD = 9.02 Range = 18-57 Intellectual Disability = 100 (100%) Passive Remote Monitoring Device Physical and verbal aggression towards others, autoaggression, and property aggression, assessed using the Modified Overt Aggression Scale+ 8 Xxxxxxx & Xxxxxx (2004) UK Men = 44 (100%) Mean Age = 44 Range = 19-65 Psychosis = 24 (54.5%) Affective Disorder = 3 (6.8%) Personality Disorder = 11 (25%) Comorbid Psychosis/Personality Disorder = 6 (13.6%) Structured Risk Assessment Physical and verbal aggression towards others, and property aggression, assessed using hospital incident reporting forms 6 Xxxxx et al. (2015) USA Men = 109 (31%) Women = 239 (69%) Age Not Specified Not Applicable (Staff Members) Staff Survey Physical aggression towards others, assessed using an unvalidated Likert Scale 8 Lin...
Sample 1
Study Characteristics. Any request for a Member Region Economic Study should focus on evaluating high-level metrics depicting various possible future scenarios of expanding the power system and quantifying the advantages and disadvantages associated with each scenario. A Member Region Economic Study will not assess the performance of individual assets. Study Report A Member Region Economic Study will be documented in a stand-alone report that is separate from the Regional Transmission Plan. Submission and Consideration of Requests for Member Region Economic Study Requests for a Member Region Economic Study shall be submitted and considered as follows:
Sample 1
Study Characteristics. Study characteristics are summarized in Table 2 (Appendix 2). Five were randomized controlled interventions2, six were feasibility, acceptability studies and six were observational studies. In total, 558 participants with a diagnosis of schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a mean age ranging from 20 to 48 years participated in the 17 studies. 13 studies included individuals with schizophrenia or schizo-affective disorder, one study 2 For clarity, randomized controlled trials are defined as trials with a randomized control group and pre and post outcome measures; Feasibility or acceptability studies are defined as studies that assess the usability, feasibility, and acceptability of an intervention and may have a case control group or single group design; Observational studies are studies where the researcher observes and records behaviour in a systematic way without manipulating variables, e.g. experience sampling methods (Xxxx et al., 2010). included individuals with first episode psychosis, one study included individuals with a dual diagnosis of schizophrenia and substance misuse and two studies included individuals with non-affective psychosis.
Sample 1
Study Characteristics. Web Based Screening The paper based M-CHAT-R/F is a validated screening tool, where the web-based modality is not currently validated (Xxxxxx et al., 2016). When the M-CHAT was revised in 2014 and combined with the follow-up interview, sensitivity decreased, specificity increased, and PPV increased (Robins et al., 2014). The literature review was not conducted to determine the validity of the M-CHAT-R/F, which has been proven, but to determine if implementing the M- CHAT-R/F with technological assistance would further enhance screening efficiency. Following the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommendation to screen all children for ASD at their 18 and 24-month well child visits, specialized professionals could not keep up with the increased demand (Wise, Little, Holliman, Wise, & Wang, 2010). The increased demand was not only due to the increase in ASD prevalence, but also due to the number of children being referred for further evaluation following overly sensitive screening (Xxxxxxxx et al., 2015). In order to improve the accuracy of children referred for further evaluation and to reach the number of children needing services, consensus was reached through review that enhancements need to be made to the current processes (Wise et al., 2010).
Sample 1
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Study Characteristics. The characteristics of the included articles are summarized in Table 1. The 24 eligible studies included 4789 patients with 5163 hepatic observations. One study was prospective,20 whereas the other studies were retrospective. Three studies exclusively included patients with cirrhosis.5, 9, 32 The dominant etiology of liver disease was hepatitis B virus in all but two studies, of which alcoholic liver disease was the dominant etiology in one9 and hepatitis C virus in the other.6 Twelve studies reported proportions of other malignancy such as CCA or cHCC-CCA that exceeded 10% of total observations.5-9, 11, 12, 20, 21, 25, 30, 34 Twelve studies utilized only 3.0-T MRI scanners.8, 11, 12, 20, 21, 23-25, 27, 31, 33, 34 Eighteen studies employed only HBA including gadoxetate or gadobenate dimeglumine as the MRI contrast agent.5, 7, 9-13, 20, 21, 23, 26-29, 31-34 In all studies, CT/MRI interpretation was conducted by multiple image readers, with three or more readers participating in two studies.11, 22
Sample 1

Related to Study Characteristics

  • Study Population The study was based at the San Francisco KPNC Anal Cancer Screening Clinic. We enrolled men who were identified as positive for HIV through the Kaiser HIV registry, who were aged ≥ 18 years, who were not diag- nosed with anal cancer before enrollment, and who pro- vided informed consent. In total, 363 men were enrolled between August 2009 and June 2010. The study was reviewed and approved by the institutional review boards at KPNC and at the National Cancer Institute. All partici- pants were asked to complete a self-administered ques- tionnaire to collect risk factor information. Additional information regarding HIV status and medication, sexu- ally transmitted diseases, and histopathology results were abstracted from the KPNC clinical database. For 87 of the 271 subjects without biopsy-proven AIN2 or AIN3 at the time of enrollment, follow-up infor- mation concerning outcomes from additional clinic visits up to December 2011 was available and included in the analysis to correct for the possible imperfect sensitivity of high-resolution anoscopy (HRA).13,15 Clinical Examination, Evaluation, and Results During the clinical examination, 2 specimens were col- lected by inserting a wet flocked nylon swab16 into the anal canal up to the distal rectal vault and withdrawing with rotation and lateral pressure. Both specimens were trans- ferred to PreservCyt medium (Hologic, Bedford, Mass). A third specimen was collected for routine testing for Chla- mydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhea. After specimen collection, participants underwent a digital anorectal ex- amination followed by HRA. All lesions that appeared sus- picious on HRA were biopsied and sent for routine histopathological review by KPNC pathologists, and were subsequently graded as condyloma or AIN1 through AIN3. No cancers were observed in this study population. From the first specimen, a ThinPrep slide (Hologic) was prepared for routine Xxxxxxxxxxxx staining and xxxxx- xxxxx. Two pathologists (T.D. and D.T.) reviewed the slides independently. Cytology results were reported anal- ogous to the Bethesda classification17 for cervical cytology except when otherwise noted. The following categories were used: negative for intraepithelial lesion or malig- xxxxx (NILM); ASC-US; atypical squamous cells cannot rule out high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) (ASC-H); low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL); HSIL, favor AIN2 (HSIL-AIN2); and HSIL-AIN3. ASC-H, HSIL-AIN2, and HSIL-AIN3 were combined into a single high-grade cytology category for the current analysis. Biomarker Testing Using the residual specimen from the first collection, mtm Laboratories AG (Heidelberg, Germany) performed the p16INK4a/Ki-67 dual immunostaining (‘‘p16/Ki-67 staining’’) using their CINtec Plus cytology kit according to their specifications. A ThinPrep 2000 processor (Holo- gic) was used to prepare a slide, which then was stained according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The CINtec Plus cytology kit was then applied to the unstained cytol- ogy slide for p16/Ki-67 staining. On the second collected specimen, Roche Molecular Systems (Pleasanton, Calif) tested for HR-HPV, includ- ing separate detection of HPV-16, and HPV-18 DNA, using their cobas 4800 HPV test. To prepare DNA for the cobas test, automated sample extraction was per- formed as follows: 500 lL of the PreservCyt specimen was pipetted into a secondary tube (Falcon 5-mL polypropyl- ene round-bottom tube, which measured 12-mm-by-75- mm and was nonpyrogenic and sterile). The tube was capped, mixed by vortexing, uncapped, placed on the x-480 specimen rack, and loaded onto the x-480 sample extraction module of the cobas 4800 system. The x-480 extraction module then inputs 400 lL of this material into the specimen preparation process. The extracted DNA was then tested as previously described.16 NorChip AS (Klokkarstua, Norway) also tested the second specimen for HPV-16, -18, -31, -33, and -45 HPV E6/E7 mRNA using their PreTect HPV-Proofer assay according to their specifications. All testing was per- formed masked to the results of the other assays, clinical outcomes, and patient characteristics.

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