Historical Development Sample Clauses

Historical Development. In: Xxx XX, Xxxxxxx XX, Xxxxxxx XX, St. Xxxxx ME, eds. Principles and practice of public health surveillance. 3rd ed. ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.
Sample 1
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Historical Development. The environmental legislation was initiated in Scandinavia during the 1970ies and had a great impact on waste management in the countries. At this time most of the waste was landfilled and with an increasing population and higher consumption rates, more and more waste was produced. Scandinavia faced similar issues as West Africa is facing today. The Swedish environmental legislation stated that the amount of landfills should decrease and focus should be on recycling. A solution was to supply the cities with energy via incineration of the waste. District heating had already been introduced, as early as in the 1940ies and distribution of energy from waste was therefore fairly easy to implement. The municipalities were responsible for waste management. A few years later the municipalities were allowed to charge waste owners for the costs of managing the waste they supplied. An infrastructure of separate collection and recycling started to form in Sweden. Waste was now being transported longer distances than before. Since the 1970ies the environmental laws have developed and more emphasis was put on recycling and producer responsibility. Today, the national waste management plan in Scandinavia follows the EU framework directive based on the principle of waste hierarchy: prevention, reuse, recycle recovery and disposal. Today, 96% of the waste in Sweden is recycled and the amount of landfills is still decreasing (Minska avfallet 2011). Waste should only be landfilled if the waste cannot be treated in any other way and is charged by a landfill tax (RVF 2005a).
Sample 1
Historical Development. Equal treatment is a basic principle of Dutch law (Bleijenbergh et al., 2010). Since 1983, the prohibition of discrimination is outlined in Article 1 of the Dutch Constitution: ‘All persons in the Netherlands shall be treated equally in equal circumstances. Discrimination on the grounds of religion, belief, political opinion, race or sex or on any other grounds whatsoever shall not be permitted.’ The prohibition aims at preventing discrimination by government. The aim of preventing discrimination between citizens is implemented in the Equal Treatment Act (ETA) and other equal treatment legislation. The ETA came into force on 1 September 1994. A disadvantage of the present legislation is that observance is mainly left to the initia- tive of individuals and depends on their ability and willingness to complain whether or not the law is actually used. Supervision of how closely equal treatment legislation is adhered to is a task for both the Dutch courts and the Netherlands Institute for Human Rights (NIHR, formerly called the Equal Treatment Commission). The NIHR is an independent, professional organization, which explains, monitors and protects human rights, promotes respect for human rights (including equal treatment) in practice, policy and legislation, and increases the awareness of human rights in the Netherlands. The NIHR also investi- gates whether discrimination is or has been taking place as referred to in the equal treat- ment legislation. This type of investigation leads to an assessment. It is not the task of the NIHR to deal with individual complaints about violations of human rights, other than those relating to equal treatment. Citizens can ask the NIHR to give an opinion in specific cases. In such cases, the NIHR will investigate whether the equal treatment law has been violated. In contrast to legal judgments, opinions of the NIHR are not binding. Moreover, the NIHR will search independently for information, whereas the courts mainly depend on evidence that lawyers put forward. Other differences are that lodging a complaint with the NIHR is free of charge and a lawyer is not required. Since victims of discrimination are often not in the best position to complain, the NIHR’s ability to act on its own initia- tive takes away an important obstacle for the principle of equality to become instrumental (Havinga et al., 2000). Since 1999, the Dutch government has attempted to integrate all Dutch equal treatment Acts and provisions into one Integrati...
Sample 1
Historical Development. (2006-2011) and baseline projection (2012-2030) for freshwater fish production and consumption (thousand tonnes) in Finland
Sample 1
Historical Development. Discussions on the collaborative programme between the two institutions commenced in 2002. The objectives of the programme and an outline programme structure were rapidly developed and further discussions involving teaching teams and university management enabled the course content and delivery method details to be established. During development, the strategically important Professional Body (UK) and Government (China) approvals for the programme were gained. In the UK, the Joint Board of Moderators (JBM) of the Institution of Civil Engineers and the Institution of Structural Engineers confirmed that graduates from the programme would possess the educational base to train towards the professional status of Incorporated Engineer after obtaining the honours bachelor degree. In China, the much-coveted Ministry of Education (MoE) approval for the programme was granted meaning that graduates of the programme would have national recognition of their joint ENU – SNU award. In order to be granted MoE approval, the programme structure (see Section 2.4) had to be such that at least 45% of the programme is taught in English and one third of the programme professional or technical course is taught by the British partner University (i.e. ENU). The Joint Programme Agreement was drawn up and signed by senior management of both institutions in 2004. Fig. 1 shows the timeline of the programme. The first cohort of students commenced Year 1 at SNU in September 2007 and the first teaching by ENU staff in Shanghai took place to the same cohort when they were in Year 2 in Session 2008-09. ENU teaching input in Shanghai increased in their Year 3 (Session 2009-10) and then the cohort progressed to study Year 4 in Edinburgh for Session 2010-11 and the first graduates of the programme graduated in July 2011. The programme is now well established and the subsequent cohorts are all progressing through the programme. 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Discussions initiated Government (China) approvals gained First cohort First cohort at ENU (Year 4) Collaboration Agreement signed (Year 1 at SNU) More ENU teaching (Yrs 2 and 3 at SNU) First cohort First ENU teaching at SNU (Year 2) Fig. 1: Timeline of programme development and delivery. graduate
Sample 1
Historical Development. The emergence of the joint use of the maritime zones first conceptualized in the US during the 1930s44. However, the cases in the US were not in an international manner but rather suggestions to disputes between the States in the US. The use of the JDA was then limited to joint petroleum development and present in land borders and maritime borders 41 Xxxxxxxx / Xxxxx, 142. 42 Schopmans, 99. 43 Ibid. 44 Xxxxxx, X.: “Joint Development in the South China Sea: A New Approach”, International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law, 2006, Vol. 21, p. 90. of the US45. With the presidential decree of Xxxxxx in 1945, the US claimed sovereign rights over the CS therefore the natural resources, minerals, oil and natural gas46. With the increasing claims by the States in the northern and southern continents of America, the maritime disputes arise on the overlapping CSs of the States. At that point, the concept of JDA separated from its use on land territories and shifted to resolving the maritime delimitation issues. Following the maritime boundary delimitation disputes arise in the new world, the idea of JDA later appeared in the Europe in 1950s and 1960s regarding on some cases of joint development of oil, gas and coal. As for the situation in Europe, the approach was the same for the usage of the agreement on the resources on resolving the maritime delimitation issues47. It should be mentioned that the JDA has three crucial turning points as for its concept and its acceptance as a provisional maritime boundary agreement. The JDA between the Bahrain and Saudi Arabia in 195848 is considered as the very first agreement and example of the JDA long before the introduction of obligations the States put under Articles 74(3) and 83(3) of the UNCLOS. The agreement itself is embedded in a maritime boundary delimitation agreement, where the CS between Bahrain and Saudi Arabia drawn in Arabian Gulf. Second turning point for the JDA history is the suggestion of JDA by a Judge Xxxxxx
Sample 1
Historical Development. After the codification of the international customary law to the UNCLOS, the party States have taken and considered the UNCLOS as a constitution of the law of the sea. The judgement on the North Sea Continental Shelf Case regarding the change of the principle has taken into consideration and added in to the UNCLOS as a way of delimiting the CS or EEZ of the disputing States. The settlement of the maritime boundary delimitation disputes has shifted from the “equidistance” method to the “equity and equitable solution” principle in accordance with the “three-stage approach”. The Arbitral Tribunal on the Eritrea Yemen Arbitration suggested a JDA with stating that the disputing States should consider the unitization and sharing any resources that is 67 Xxxxxx, X.: “Interim Measures Pending Maritime Delimitation Agreements”, American Journal of International Law, 1984, Vol. 78, p. 358. (Interim Measures) 68 Xxxxxxx / Xxxxxxx, 96. in the disputed maritime zone69. It should be mentioned that there are no JDA through a direct arbitral or tribunal award yet.
Sample 1
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Related to Historical Development

  • Staff Development ‌ The County and the Association agree that the County retains full authority to determine training needs, resources that can be made available, and the method of payment for training authorized by the County. Nothing in this subsection shall preclude the right of an employee to request specific training.

  • Professional Development 9.01 Continuous professional development is a hallmark of professional nursing practice. As a self-regulating profession, nursing recognizes the importance of maintaining a dynamic practice environment which includes ongoing learning, the maintenance of competence, career development, career counselling and succession planning. The parties agree that professional development includes a diverse range of activities, including but not limited to formal academic programs; short-term continuing education activities; certification programs; independent learning committee participation. The parties recognize their joint responsibility in and commitment to active participation in the area of professional development.

  • Business Development Provide advice and assistance in business growth and development of Party B. 业务发展。对乙方的业务发展提供建议和协助。

  • Sustainable Development 4.1 The Authority will review the Contractor’s Sustainable Development Policy Statement and Sustainable Development Plan submitted by the Contractor in accordance with the Schedule (Sustainable Development Requirements) and then at least annually thereafter. 4.2 Sustainable Procurement Risk Assessment Methodology (SPRAM) is a tool used by the Authority to identify and mitigate any potential risks to sustainability in contracts. The process requires that each Contract be assessed for its potential social, economic and environmental risks, throughout the various stages of its lifetime. Where risks are identified, appropriate mitigation action is required to reduce or eliminate the risk to sustainability. The Authority may at times require input from the Contractor in order to ensure that this process is given the required levels of consideration.

  • Skills Development The Company acknowledges the changing pace of technology in the electrical contracting industry and the need for employees to understand those changes and have the necessary skill requirements to keep the Company at the forefront of the industry. The Parties to this Agreement recognise that in order to increase the efficiency, productivity and competitiveness of the Company, a commitment to training and skill development is required. Accordingly, the parties commit themselves to: i) Developing a more highly skilled and flexible workforce. ii) Providing employees with career opportunities through appropriate training to acquire the additional skills as required by the Company. Taking into account; The current and future skill needs of the Company. The size, structure and nature of the Company. The need to develop vocational skills relevant to the Company and the Electrical Contracting Industry. Where, by agreement between the employee and employer, an employee undertakes training providing skills, which are not a company specific requirement, any time spent in the completion of this training shall be unpaid.

  • Project Development a. Collaborate with COUNTY and project clients to identify requirements and develop a project Scope Statement. a. Develop a Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) for each project. b. Evaluate Scope Statement to develop a preliminary cost estimate and determinate whether project be vendor bid or be executed under a Job Order Contract (JOC).

  • Joint Development If joint development is involved, the Recipient agrees to follow the latest edition of FTA Circular 7050.1, “Federal Transit Administration Guidance on Joint Development.”

  • Professional Development Plan Professional Development Plan (PDP) refers to plans developed by faculty members addressing the criteria contained in Article 22 and Appendix G.

  • Career Development The City and the Union agree that employee career growth can be beneficial to both the City and the affected employee. As such, consistent with training needs identified by the City and the financial resources appropriated therefore by the City, the City shall provide educational and training opportunities for employee career growth. Each employee shall be responsible for utilizing those training and educational opportunities made available by the City or other institutions for the self- development effort needed to achieve personal career goals.

  • Research and Development (i) Advice and assistance in relation to research and development of Party B; (ii) Advice and assistance in strategic planning; and

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