Recommendations and Conclusion Sample Clauses

Recommendations and Conclusion. Abstract This paper traces the participation of sub-Saharan Countries in the development of the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) Sanitary and Phytosanitary Agreement (SPS) and examines the impact of the Agreement on trade in the region. It identifies the challenges faced by these countries in international norm setting and addresses the legal and structural challenges faced in the region. This paper further identifies the challenges faced by these countries which depend on agricultural products in dealing with the legal and regulatory regimes of developed countries which are complex and dynamic. It is meant to address the challenges faced by these countries in implementation and enforcement of the agreement. The paper finally proposes possible means of addressing these challenges from country level to regional level and finally at the international realm. INTRODUCTION Agricultural and food products account for 25 percent of total merchandise export form sub-Saharan Africa over the period 1980 to 1997.1 There is however a continuous decline in SSA’S agricultural exports. The agricultural exports have declined from 8 percent in early 1960s to 4.35 percent in 1980 and finally 2 percent in early 2000s. FAO 2005 2 The impact of SPS on trade as been well documented in developed countries. For example, in US the total impact of technical barriers on exports of agricultural products in 1996 was $ 4907 million dollars of this 90 percent is due to measures covered by SPS 1 World Indicator Report 1998/1999. World Bank Washington DC.s see also The Agricultural Outlook, United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service , August 2002. Available at xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxxx.xxx/publications/agoutlook/aug2002/ao293f.pdf< accessed 04/12/06 2 See xxxx://xxx.xxx.xxx/tc/TCA/work05/MRchap4.pdf Accessed 04/12/06 Agreement.3 The significance of SPS measures to developing countries market access objectives has been sparingly documented. A study was done to identify the key issues affecting the ability of developing countries to comply with SPS requirements in the European Union (EU). 4 The factor considered the most significant impediment to the export agricultural and food products were the SPS requirements.5 The main problems with the EU SPS standards were found to be compliance resources and access to SPS requirements. The cost of SPS standards to the overall agricultural exports of SSA countries has not been however been documented. But there are several studies tha...
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Recommendations and Conclusion. The participation of the sub Saharan countries in the negotiation of the SPS Agreement was poor. These countries did not understand most of the issues and their implications. The driving force then was the interest of developed countries. The conflict between for example EU and US in the hormones case and the Canada and US conflict on UHT Milk regulations in CUSFTA were the motivating cases. The developing countries were 250 Ibid. 251 This is from my own experience as a Law Student Chairman, Editor in the University of Nairobi Law Journal and the Federation of East Africa Law Students Association Secretary General. 252 Kenya Times Editorial April 4, 2006 concentrating on S&D provisions that would exempt them from the provisions of the Agreement. However though, provisions on extended time limit of implementation and for technical support was provided in the Agreement, they have not helped sub Saharan Countries in their market access objective. Indeed they became an impediment to market access. For example by 1997 when the EU slapped a ban on fish from African Region, countries like Uganda and Mozambique, being least developed countries, still had three years to be expected to abide by the Agreement. However the ban was wakes up call on sub Saharan Africa countries to realise that the best approach is to adopt international standards. There is another perspective to the fish ban in the region. It indicated that these countries have the potential to put in place standards that are acceptable internationally. Fort example it took less than three years for the countries to upgrade their standards, to draft new legislations, to restructure their government departments and to generally comply with the standards as required by the importers. This is an indication that African countries have the potential and should work towards upgrading their standards and should not wait to be cornered by importers to do so. There is need for the general public to be made aware of the food standards and for the governments in this region to consider proper standards for their citizens. The Non Governmental Institutions in these countries should work with the government by sensitising the public and the multinational companies of the need for proper food standard. This will lead to a situation where trust is build with the importers in the developed countries by showing them that we also care for the health of the people in developed countries. There developed counties have also...
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Recommendations and Conclusion. 6.1. Recommendations - - - - - -- 250
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Recommendations and Conclusion. For the safety of pregnant occupants and their fetuses, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecologists (ACOG) recommends the use of seat belts throughout pregnancy to alleviate the adverse outcomes of MVC. Based on this systematic review,
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Recommendations and Conclusion. To call and confirm: Xxxxxxxxx-Xxxxx-Stiftung: 01/320080 - 03/480390 - Email: xxxxx.xxxxxxx@xxxxx.xxx Civil Center for National Initative: 03/955661 - Email: xxxxx@xxxxxxx.xxx :ديكأتلاو لاصتلال 03/480390 - 01/320080 :تبريا شيرديرف ةسسؤم
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Recommendations and Conclusion. Taken into account the planning and urban design considerations and the overall and directional air ventilation performance revealed in the CFD simulations, the following development parameters and restrictions on the development at the Site are recommended:
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Related to Recommendations and Conclusion

  • Representations and Recommendations Unless otherwise stated in writing, neither Xxxxxxxx Realty Inc, nor its brokers or licensees have made, on their own behalf, any representations or warranties, express or implied, with respect to any element of the Property including but not limited to, the legal sufficiency, legal effect, or tax consequences of this transaction. Any information furnished by either party should be independently verified before that party relies on such information. Xxxxxxxx Realty Inc. recommends that Buyer consult its attorneys and accountants before signing this Agreement regarding the terms and conditions herein and that Seller satisfy itself as to the financial ability of Buyer to perform.

  • Conclusions and Recommendations The demonstration and evaluation process provided an opportunity to test community specific tools with a range of end users from the memory institution domain and to gain greater insight into both the current and future evolution of the SHAMAN prototypes for preservation, access and re-use. Xxxx et al. (2000) in their user evaluation study of the Alexandria Digital Library which incorporated the evaluation of a Web prototype by earth scientists, information specialists and educators raised four key questions in relation to their findings that SHAMAN may be well advised to consider, they are paraphrased here with our conclusions from the investigations. What have we learned about our target organizations and potential users?  Memory institutions are most definitely not a homogenised group; their needs and requirements differ greatly across the domain.  Representatives of the archives community are agreed on the benefits of SHAMAN‟s authenticity validation function.  The representatives of government information services remained unconvinced as to the need or benefit of grid technologies or distributed ingest while librarians saw the value of grid access as an asset of the framework. What have we learned about the evaluation approach for digital preservation?  Within the limits of the exercise, in terms of time-frame and resources, the approach adopted has generated useful information for the further development of demonstrators and for the development of the SHAMAN framework overall. What have we learned about the SHAMAN ISP1 demonstrator?  Respondents to the evaluation questionnaires and the focus groups indicate that, overall, the presentation of the demonstrator worked effectively and that, in general, participants in the demonstration and evaluation events were able to understand the intentions of the demonstration and to apply the ideas presented to their own context. What have we learned about the applicability of the SHAMAN framework to memory institutions?  Respondents to the questionnaires and participants in the focus groups readily identified the value of the SHAMAN framework to their own operations. The majority had not yet established a long-term digital preservation policy, but recognized the need. Generally, the concepts of distributed ingest and grid operations found favour.  Virtually all practitioners in the focus groups, however, drew attention to need of a lower level demonstration that would be closer to their everyday preservation troubles, especially for digital preservation to be applied to non-textual materials, such as film, photographs and sound archives. In addition to the criteria suggested by Xxxx et al., we can add a further project-related question: What have we learned that has implications for the training and dissemination phase of the Project?  It was not part of the remit of the demonstration and evaluation specifically to discover information of relevance to the training and dissemination function. However, a number of factors will affect the efficacy of any training programme in particular. o First, no common understanding of digital preservation can be assumed of the potential target audiences for training. Consequently, it is likely that self-paced learning materials will be most effective in presenting the SHAMAN framework. o Secondly, the aims of SHAMAN as a project must be conveyed clearly: specifically, that it is a kind of „proof-of-concept‟ project and is not intended to deliver a package of programs capable of being implemented by institutions. o Thirdly, it needs to be emphasised that the SHAMAN framework is not limited to text documents; it can be applied to materials of all kinds. However, the demonstrations relate to bodies of material that were actually available for use. o Fourthly, the existing presentation materials are capable of being adapted for use in training activities. o Finally, the target audiences will appreciate the possibility of online access to the demonstrator, which will need to have very great ease of access in order that people with diverse backgrounds are able to use it with equal facility. We believe that, overall, WP14 has met its aims and objectives in this demonstration and evaluation of ISP1. Valuable lessons have been learnt by all parties involved, which will be transferred to the evaluation of ISP2 in the coming months.

  • Conclusion and Recommendations D. Evaluations for Offenders without a sex offense conviction shall answer the following additional referral questions in the evaluations:

  • Your Comments and Concerns You should direct all feedback, comments, requests for technical support, and other communications relating to the Website to xxxxxxx@xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx.

  • Recommendations It is recommended that:

  • Representations and Certifications The CNA shall assist the AbilityOne participating NPAs in the information gathering and filing of the NPAs’ Annual Representations and Certifications (AR&C) in accordance with 41 CFR §§ 51-3.2 and 3.6.

  • Annual Representations and Certifications Any changes provided by the Offeror in paragraph (b)(2) of this provision do not automatically change the representations and certifications in XXX.

  • PERFORMANCE AND RESPONSIBILITY QUALIFICATIONS The Commissioner reserves the right to investigate or inspect at any time whether or not the Product, services, qualifications or facilities offered by the Bidder/Contractor meet the requirements set forth in the Bid Specifications/Contract or as set forth during Contract negotiations. Contractor shall at all times during the Contract term remain responsible and responsive. A Bidder/Contractor must be prepared, if requested by the Commissioner, to present evidence of legal authority to do business in New York State, integrity, experience, ability, prior performance, organizational and financial capacity as well as where applicable, a statement as to supply, plant, machinery and capacity of the manufacturer or source for the production, distribution and servicing of the Product offered/Bid. If the Commissioner determines that the conditions and terms of the Bid Documents, Bid Specifications or Contract are not complied with, or that items, services or Product proposed to be furnished do not meet the specified requirements, or that the legal authority, integrity experience, ability, prior performance, organization and financial capacity or facilities are not satisfactory, the Commissioner may reject such Bid or terminate the Contract.

  • Recommendation The Sheriff recommends approval of the Board Order. The County Administrator concurs with the recommendation of the Sheriff. Should the Board of Commissioners concur with their recommendations, approval of the Board Order will implement that action. Respectfully submitted, /s/ XXXXX XXXXXX Xxxxx Xxxxxx County Administrator

  • Financial Proposal Tender Forms – prices By submitting this tender, the tenderer commits to performing this public contract in conformity with the provisions of the Tender Specifications/ – and explicitly declares accepting all conditions listed in the Tender Specifications and renounces any derogatory provisions such as his own general sales conditions. The unit prices and the global prices for each item in the inventory are established relative to the value of these items in relation to the total value of the tender. All general and financial costs as well as the profits are distributed between the various items in proportion to their weight. The value added tax is dealt with on a separate line in the summary bill of quantities or the inventory, to be added to the tender's value. The tenderer commits to performing the public contract in accordance with the provisions of the Tender Specifications for the following prices, given in euros and exclusive of VAT: Should this tender be approved, the performance bond will be constituted under the conditions and deadlines stipulated in the Tender Specifications. The confidential information and/or the information relating to technical or business secrets is indicated clearly in the tender. In order to correctly compare the tenders, the duly signed information or documents mentioned under Preparation of Tenders.

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