Policy Implications. Since the 1994 International Conference on Population and Development (ICPD) in Cairo, the inclusion of men has become a major focus of reproductive health programs (United Nations, 1995; United Nations, 1997). To promote male involvement in shaping reproductive preferences, it is important to take into consideration the norms of society including social norms on reproductive preferences, gender inequality, and the role of men in the society. The reproductive behavior of couples is particularly useful in developing a critical understanding of these factors. The findings of this study indicate that when there is no agreement on reproductive preferences between partners, men’s reproductive goals are generally higher than those of their wives. When both spouses agree on the same ideal number of children, the mean ideal number of children desired is smaller than the ideal number of children desired by either spouse separately. In other words, the individual reproductive goals of the husband or the wife are not always synchronized with joint goals (cf. Table 4.4). Joint goals can be achieved when both partners are able to discuss their reproductive desires and goals and how to achieve them. Toward this end, efforts are needed to expand family planning outreach education that focuses on men and their role in fertility decisions. In communities where polygyny is widely practiced, men’s roles present a challenge for family planning and reproductive health programs. In such societies, the man is often involved in decisionmaking, with different, often conflicting, implications for each of his wives/partners. Programs that aim to encourage interspousal communication may want to consider alternative approaches to the standard family planning program, so that programs adapted to the needs of polygynous households can be implemented. Bankole, A. 1995. Desired fertility and fertility behaviour among the Yoruba of Nigeria: A study of couple preferences and subsequent fertility. Population Studies 49(2): 317-28. Xxxxxxx, X., and X.X. Xxxx. 1999. Unmet need for couples: An analytical framework and evaluation with DHS data. Population Research and Policy Review 18(6): 579-605. Xxxxxxx, X., and X.X. Xxxxxxx. 1995. Childbearing attitudes and intentions. DHS Comparative Studies, No. 17. Calverton, Maryland, USA: ORC Macro.
Policy Implications. This includes an interpretation of the conclusions; the impact of the Demonstration within the health delivery system in the State; the implications for State and Federal health policy; and the potential for successful Demonstration strategies to be replicated in other State Medicaid programs.
Policy Implications. Carbon contract for difference - an overview. ICF Consulted Services Limited for the European Commission, DG Climat, 2020. RTE. Signal prix du co2. analyse de son impact sur le système électrique européen. Technical report, Direction de l’économie, de la prospective et de la transparence, RTE, 2016. URL xxxxx://xxx.xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx.xxx/sites/default/files/ pdf-actualites/etude_signal_prix_du_co2.pdf. RTE. La transition vers un hydrogène bas xxxxxxx. atouts et enjeux pour le système électrique à l’horizon 2030-3035. Technical report, Direction de l’économie, de la prospective et de la transparence, RTE, 2020. URL xxxxx://xxxxxx.xxx-xxxxxx.xxx/prod/public/ 2020-07/rapport 20hydrogene.pdf.
Policy Implications. We believe that results from the studies on the valuation of free digital services have substan- tial implications for statistical policy. The Digitization Task Team of the Inter-secretariat Working Group for the 2025 System of National Accounts update recommended that ac- counting for the value of free digital services could be explored in a satellite account (Dig- italization Task Team, 2022). Statistical agencies can explore the development of satellite accounts to cover the value of free digital products, and our study could be a starting point for the development of such accounts. The current approach recommended by the task force restricts the value of digital services to the total cost of producing them. As we will discuss later on in the essays, there are some disadvantages to this restriction. First, a possible decline in advertising expenditures does not necessarily translate to a decline in the usage of these services. This will cause a mismatch between the estimates and human experience, as displayed in Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxxxx (2015). Second, employing the cost of production to estimate the value of non- market transactions limits the ability of estimates to accurately reflect overall benefits from these services. This is why there have been many efforts to measure public sector productivity (Xxxxxxxx, 2017; Xxxxxxx, 2009; Xxxxx, 2006), since government services is a prime example of a sector where this approach has been widely used, and criticised. Lastly, there are many instances where free digital products are not financed by advertising and marketing. An example of this is services offered under the pure freemium model, where a version of the service is offered for free with the hopes of enticing even a small share of users to register for the paid version (i.e. Zoom, dating apps). We show that measuring the value of free services independently from the value of view- ership overcomes many of these challenges. We also show that it is possible to develop a methodology for measuring the value of these services that is consistent with the core ac- counting principles of the SNA, ensuring comparability to other macroeconomic aggregates and ease of interpretation. Our study illustrates that even the limited scope of the three digital products examined significantly impacts household welfare, as indicated by household final consumption. Ex- tending this analysis to a broader range of goods is likely to underscore the greater role digital product...
Policy Implications. 1. A more integrated approach to policy-making is needed, to ensure more consistent mainstreaming of the just transition dimension into the legislation implementing the EGD, particularly in those macro-areas where implementation is lagging behind and the just transition perspective appears less developed.
2. There needs to be more systematic and comprehensive ex-ante and ex-post measurement of the distributional and wider socioeconomic impacts of climate and environmental initiatives implementing the EGD (including measurements of the co-benefits of these policies) (16). It is important to further develop the Distributional Impact Assessment methodology (DIA) currently being discussed at the EU level along these lines, and to apply it consistently.
3. The role of the 2022 Council Recommendation on ensuring a fair transition towards climate neutrality in EU policy-making must be enhanced, and its implementation closely monitored. Further reflection is needed on how to link green transition policies and welfare policies more closely, in particular social protection and inclusion policies. Innovative and more integrated policy options in this respect should be explored, including through exchanges in EU mutual learning fora.
4. It is important to work on developing more integrated socio-ecological indicators and to explore ways to include them in EU policy-making, either through the creation of an EU Just Transition Scoreboard or by integrating them into existing scoreboards, such as the European Pillar of Social Rights’ Social Scoreboard.
5. A careful assessment needs to be carried out of the functioning of the existing EU funds relevant to the just transition, including their adequacy, their ability to reach groups and categories vulnerable to the consequences of green transition policies, their continuity in time, and synergies and overlaps. Funding policies integrating green and social objectives from a just transition perspective should be a key priority for future EU overarching funding
Policy Implications. 4.1 NHS Merseyside has agreed that in order to ensure a seamless transition of the Public Health Functions to the Council on the 1st April 2013 and to encourage early engagement and integration with all key stakeholders, that the Council shall manage and supervise the Public Health Functions during the Transitional Period.
4.2 During the Transitional Period, the DPH will be managerially responsible to the Chief Executive Officer of the Council for all actions that they may take in the delivery of Public Health Functions, whilst remaining accountable to the Board of the PCT for statutory public health functions.
Policy Implications. 4.1 None
Policy Implications. 5.1 The initiative and signing of the agreement will assist the Council in meeting Aim Nos. 5 and 6 of the Council’s Aims and Targets:
Policy Implications. 5.1 This report complies with the Council’s Strategic Aims 1, 2 and 6:-
1. to provide good quality governance and management of the Council.
Policy Implications. 6.1 The introduction of a modernised agreement will support the plan to improve the Housing and Property Maintenance Services and will address issues around housing repairs and asset management raised by the recent Best Value Audit.
6.2 The proposed Modernisation Agreement demonstrates the Council’s commitment to improve and deliver Best Value Services to tenants and to develop better partnership working with tenants and other key stakeholders. The proposal also supports the Council’s aims and objectives set out in the Tenant Participation Strategy, Local housing Strategy and the East Ayrshire Community Plan.
