Anthropometry. Anthropometric measurements for both the validation and study samples were height, weight, and BMI. Where anthropometric measurements were unavailable for the validation sample they were measured directly from the CT scans and are regarded as anthropometric. Sagittal depth, body cavity, subcutaneous fat and total abdominal fat cross sectional areas, transverse internal and external diameters (TID and XXX respectively), subcutaneous fat width (SFW), and waist circumference were measured using CT scans. Skin fold was estimated using the formula SFW = (XXX – TID)/2 (Xxxxxx et al., 2000) as calliper skin fold measure was not taken for this study. The validation sample were also measured for XXX and TID (with SFW derived) using DXA software to draw a horizontal line on the DXA image at the upper most point of the iliac crest, which was converted from pixel to mm length by multiplying by a constant of 2.048 (DXA software support, Vertec Scientific Limited). T2D Subjects were identified as type 2 diabetic if they were classified as hyperglycaemic for one or more of the following diagnostics: fasting glucose serum concentration > 7 mmol/L, fasting oral glucose tolerance test > 11.1 mmol/L or glycosylated haemoglobin > 6.5% (48 mmol/mol). Questionnaire data on physician diagnosis and medication was also used to identify self-reported cases of T2D. Fasting plasma glucose was measured by enzymatic colorimetric slide assay (Xxxxxxx and Xxxxxxx Clinical Diagnostic Systems, Amersham UK). Hypertension Blood pressure was measured twice using an automatic blood pressure monitor (Omron Healthcare, Inc., Bannockburn, IL). Individuals were classified as having hypertension (HT), if currently receiving anti-hypertensive medication and/or the repeated systolic/diastolic blood pressure was greater than 140/90 mm Hg. Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) was measured as previously described by Xxxxxxx et al. (2010) and the quantitative trait was dichotomised at the 75th percentile as a surrogate for subclinical atherosclerosis (Xxxxx et al., 2008, Xxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxx-Xxxxx, 2009). In brief, the left and right carotid and femoral arteries were visualized with B-mode ultrasound (Siemens CV70, Siemens, Erlangen, Germany, with 13-MHz vascular probe). Common cIMT was measured in the near and far walls, 1 to 2 cm proximal to the carotid bifurcation with automated wall-tracking software (Medical Imaging Applications, Coralville, Iowa) during diastole in a...
Anthropometry. Guide to Anthropometry (May 2014–December 2017) XXXXX published the Anthropometric Indicators Measurement Guide in 2003. We subsequently revised the guide to align it with several significant changes that have occurred since its release (e.g., new WHO child growth standards, MUAC as a key indicator for CMAM). In past project years, XXXXX drafted, reviewed, and revised all modules and protocols. In Project Year 6, we finalized the technical content of the guide. In Project Year 7, we will publish the new Guide to Anthropometry, which will include up-to- date information, evidence, practical guidance, and protocols for conducting anthropometry for children, adolescents, pregnant and lactating women and girls, and adults. We will also produce a web-based version of the guide for ease of use and dissemination. Anthropometry Quick Reference Cards (October 2017–March 2018) To complement the Guide to Anthropometry, in Project Year 7 FANTA will produce a series of Anthropometry Quick Reference Cards, for use by program managers and staff, that cover each demographic group covered in the guide, including an update of the current reference card for children under 5 that was developed during XXXXX XX. The cards, which will be completed in quarter one, will explain basic concepts, key definitions, and measurement cutoffs. The cards will be translated into French and Spanish in the second quarter. Technical Support on Anthropometric Data Quality Guidance and Indicator Revision (October 2015–June 2018) In Project Year 6, XXXXX provided support to USAID and the WHO/UNICEF Technical Expert Advisory Group on Monitoring (TEAM) to further strengthen guidance on the collection of quality anthropometric data through surveys and for technical consultations on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) nutrition indicators. In Project Year 7, FANTA will support the development, testing, and translation of the contents of the technical report on minimum anthropometry data quality criteria and methods for harmonized data collection, analysis, and reporting of nutrition surveys into an eBook format and will continue to support an update to the 2007 Infant and Young Child Feeding Monitoring Guide. Support for the update to the IYCF guide will come through small working group follow-up meetings this year on areas not reviewed or resolved at the 2017 consultation and a larger consultation in June 2018 to finalize the 2018 edition of the IYCF Guide. In addition, XXXXX will support TEAM effo...
Anthropometry. Worker anthropometric characterization is at the core of ergonomic design of worker-centric workplace. This is reflected by the existence of several standards dedicated to its formalization such as ISO (2010), "Basic human body measurements for technological design. Body measurement definitions and landmarks", which is used as a reference in other standards as well as the realization of many anthropometric studies and anthropometric data base. In HUMAN, since the Workplace Optimization Service cares about the optimization of the workplace also in terms of its ergonomic performance, it is necessary to include information about the anthropometric measures of the worker. The needed information can be dependent on the assessment type. For instance one of the most used ergonomics assessment models, called Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) entails the definition of only a subset of the data used by more extended Rapid Entire Body Assessment (XXXX). Difference can be found also in the definition of anthropometric measures defined within workplace design applications (e.g. CATIA from Dassault uses a set of measures that is almost entirely aligned with the previously cited ISO standard). Therefore, in order to widen the HUMAN system applicability in many contexts, the set of stored measures is not statically defined so that new kind of measures can be added as the system evolves.
Anthropometry. Weight was measured after an overnight fast to the nearest 0.1 kg using digital scales. Height was measured to the nearest 0.1 cm using a wall-mounted stadiometer. Waist circumference was measured to the nearest 0.1 using a measuring tape. Body composition was assessed using a Tanita BC-418 segmental body composition analyser (Tanita Corporation of America, Inc., Illinois USA). More detailed methods can be found in Appendix 2.4.
