Basic Concepts. In the next four paragraphs, I will describe the basic concepts of universal subjectivism. The concepts are, of course, universalism and subjectivism. The framework of universal subjectivism is (ethical) scientific naturalism; therefore I will make a few reflective remarks about this. There are many different types of ethical theories. Universal subjectivism is a thought experiment and a (mental) construct. I will explain this in a short paragraph on constructivism.
Basic Concepts. 8 A. The procedures and instrument shall reflect the following concepts:
Basic Concepts the individual assessment of basic concept skills provided specific information in the components of matching, directionally and quantitative/spatial relationships;
Basic Concepts. Each new nurse and each nurse hired after a break in service shall be considered as a probationary employee until he/she shall have completed three (3) continuous years of active employment. Probationary nurses may be disciplined, discharged, and otherwise terminated in the sole discretion of the Committee/Administration and any such action shall not be subject to challenge.
Basic Concepts. ZAI shall book sales of the Licensed Product(s) in the Partner Territory. BMS shall receive [*] of all Operating Profits and bear [*] Operating Losses (as applicable) for the Licensed Product(s) in the Partner Territory; and ZAI shall receive [*] of all Operating Profits and bear [*] of Operating Losses (as applicable) for the Licensed Product(s) in the Partner Territory; provided that specific financial flows shall be agreed by the Parties to effect such overall economic intent. Specifically, the Net Sales of such Licensed Product(s) in the Partner Territory shall be allocated first to reimburse each Party for its Allowable Expenses incurred in accordance with the China Commercialization Plan and Section 6.2(g) for the Licensed Product(s) in the Partner Territory, and any remaining sums, shall be Operating Profit or Operating Loss (as applicable), which shall be shared [*] in accordance with this Section 8.2.
Basic Concepts. Transdermal iontophoresis is one of the promising alternative techniques for non- invasive continuous delivery of dopamine agonists. By applying a small electrical current (≤ 500 μA.cm-2) across the skin it is possible to enhance the transdermal delivery of small ionized therapeutic agents as illustrated in Figure 4. Besides a continuous administration and increased bioavailability, a particular advantage of iontophoresis is the possibility to adjust the delivery rate to the demand of the therapy. Especially in symptomatic treatment of Pd this can be very important, since individual titration is often required when administering dopaminergic agents. Three transport mechanisms are involved in transdermal iontophoretic delivery: 1) passive diffusion, resulting from a concentration gradient between the patch and the systemic circulation 2) the electromigration which is the result from the current flow from the anode (+ electrode) to the cathode (- electrode) across the skin and 3) electroosmosis, which can be attributed to the current induced solvent flow across the skin in the counter direction of the skin charge [92]. For small charged molecules the contribution of the passive flow is often negligible, making electromigration and electroosmosis the principle transport mechanisms with a dominating transport due to electromigration. With increasing molecular size, however, the contribution of the electroosmosis increases and may be really important for large peptides and proteins [92]. In addition for uncharged molecules electroosmosis is considered to be the only transporting mechanism involved in transdermal iontophoresis. Therefore marker molecules, such as mannitol and acetaminophen, are used to quantify the electroosmotic contribution during iontophoretic transport of various molecules. In the last few years acetaminophen has gained more interest over 14C-mannitol, because of its practical advantages [93-97]. Current application across the skin will drive the molecules through the pathway of least electrical resistance. In case of iontophoresis of the three suggested penetration routes (transcellular, intercellular and transappendageal), transport is reported to occur primarily via the intercellular and transappendageal route (Figure 2). The major contribution is via the appendages in the skin, including hair follicles and sweat glands [98]. In addition ions can also migrate via the damaged structures in the skin [90]. These penetration pathways can exis...
Basic Concepts. SurfMaster uses 3D wireframe models for representing the design created. Wireframe models consist of definition curves that define the edges of surfaces or segments. Almost all AutoCAD linear entities (i.e., lines, 3D polylines, 2D normal, splined or fitted polylines, splines, circles, ellipses, circular and elliptical arcs) can be used as definition curves. All of these entities are approximated using 3D polylines that consist of straight segments. Thus, the surfaces can be approximated with the sequence of triangles. To prevent the loss of information during curve approximation, center marks are added to all circles, ellipses, circular and elliptical arcs. Once decomposed into a sequence of neighboring triangles, the surface can be unfolded triangle by triangle and placed onto the XOY plane of the AutoCAD World Coordinate System. In this way, it is possible to produce a cutout which corresponds to its parent surface. Apart from two flattened definition curves, the cutout also contains two linear edges. The first of these edges is considered the cutout’s baseline. The baseline and the second line are also drawn between the surface definition curves in 3D space. Although SurfMaster does not retain any internal information about definition curves, surface cutouts and their definition curves, surface start marks are placed both on the surface and on the cutouts making it easy for the user to obtain this information if needed. Original surface SurfMaster interpretation Wireframe model
Basic Concepts. 1. The effect on Cash for such receipts should occur in the current fiscal year (not the future year) in both the UW and DOA records.
2. All advance fees received prior to July 1 should be included in the current year daily receipts amounts recorded in fund 990, account 9198.
3. The total amount of advanced fees received prior to July 1 must be recorded as Deferred Revenue (SFS account 7400) by the end of the current fiscal year. None of it can remain in a revenue account code at the end of the current year. Controllers: Please insure that your institution policies comply with these criteria.
4. The process should allow advance fees to be recorded in the appropriate fund so that institutions get the full benefit of impact on cash balances in funds where interest earnings are calculated. Double-entry balance sheet accounting principles will be applied for all BU’s.
Basic Concepts. Informally, a type is a collection of objects, and conversely, an object is an inhabitant of a type. An object never exists on its own account, only in virtue of its relation with a certain type [85]. A type is formally defined by prescribing how its canonical objects are constructed, and what it means for two objects to be equal [95, 17]. • (Canonical Objects) A canonical object of a type is one that cannot be reduced to a simpler form. For example, the canonical objects of Nat—the type of natural numbers—are constructed by means of the following rules. – 0 is an object of Nat. – The successor of n, x.x. xxxx(n), is an object of Nat, if n is an object of Nat.
Basic Concepts. 1.2.1 Private Actors, Affected States and Accountability: Some Clarifications on Terminology Before proceeding any further, a few brief notes are in order on the terminology employed in the dissertation, for reasons of simplicity and convenience. First, the terms ‘private actors’ and ‘non-state actors’ are used interchangeably; this is not to challenge that technically the latter also encompasses international organizations, which are not covered by the dissertation. Although they may exercise ‘public’ functions, (virtually) unrecognized secessionist entities and paramilitaries are still deemed to 19 See e.g. X. Xxxxxx, The Accountability of Armed Groups under Human Rights Law (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2017), 168-169; X. Xxxxxx, Human Rights Obligations of Non-State Armed Groups (Oxford: Xxxx, 2016), 179-180. be private actors. Second, the term ‘affected state’ is used to describe the state where the government has lost control over part of the territory, notwithstanding the fact that other states may also be affected by such loss of control (for instance, through the spillover effects of an armed conflict). Third, while recognizing that ‘the concept of international legal “responsi- bility” denotes a particular form of legal accountability’,20 ‘accountability’ is used synonymously with ‘responsibility’ in the context of discussing the existence of an accountability gap (and ways to ensure accountability), in order to emphasize the normative aspect of this problem.
1.2.2 ‘State Failure’ and the Absence of Effective Government: A Working Definition When embarking on an examination of state responsibility in cases of ‘state failure’, one must first ask: what exactly is ‘state failure’? There is no uniform definition of ‘state failure’ in international relations, and the list of ‘failed’, ‘collapsed’, ‘failing’, ‘fragile’, or ‘weak’ states varies from author to author.21 (There is often a distinction drawn, based on the severity of the situation, between ‘collapsed’ or ‘failed’ states on the one hand, and ‘failing’, ‘fragile’, or ‘weak’ states on the other hand.22) In fact, definitions are so diverse that one might even question the utility of the concept itself.23 Nonetheless, it is possible to identify certain recurring elements. State failure is most commonly described in broad terms as (the process leading to) a situation of anarchy, breakdown of government, the inability to fulfil state functions.24 There is no agreement on what those state funct...
