Chapter Conclusion Sample Clauses
Chapter Conclusion. The research question of this chapter is how should international space law move forward to better regulate the four issues relating to the governance of ADR. The potential path forward can be outlined in four words, which are commitment, safety, consent and transparency. With regard to Issue 1, the keyword is “commitment”. In view of the global dimension of the space debris problem, collective efforts of the international community are needed to tackle this challenge. However, the current international legal framework for space activities does not impose a clear obligation upon States to mitigate and remove space debris. Consider- ing that the conclusion of a legally binding agreement does not appear a feasible near-term option, the international community has to consider other alternatives to deal with the ever-growing amount of space debris. The path forward may start with some States acting as trailblazers which take the lead in making unilateral and multilateral commitments on space debris mitigation and remediation, and other States may subsequently join the initiative. The US-led moratorium on direct-ascent anti-satellite testing illustrates how a unilateral commitment is joined by other States and leads to the adoption of a UN General Assembly resolution on this matter. The statement and communiqué made by the G7 nations and the ESA-initiated Zero Debris Charter represent examples of commitments at the multilateral and regional levels. This also indicates that some actors are already taking steps to shape global consensus on space sustainability. The commitments and initiatives made by some forward-looking States and institutions would hopefully create a snowball effect and lead to the adop- tion of an international agreement systematising the process for the contract- ing parties to make and review their commitments. The Paris Agreement may serve as a relevant model, and the review mechanisms established in this Agreement could be modelled after for the development of an interna- tional agreement to mitigate and remove space debris. With the growing role of private actors in space activities, their involvement in the preservation of the outer space environment will become increasingly important. The Net Zero Space initiative represents an inclusive forum where all stakeholders
Chapter Conclusion. This chapter addressed some of the most pressing challenges in the recent evolution of the European film distribution sector. Once regarded as the primary gatekeepers for theatrical releases—bridging the gap between production and exhibition—distributors now face the dual challenge of navigating traditional film circuits while adapting to the rapidly expanding digital streaming landscape. This shift has created new opportunities for reaching broader audiences but has also introduced the risk of films being overshadowed or lost in the extensive catalogues of streaming platforms. Among the various trends and challenges confronting the distribution sector, this chapter focused on four main issues. First, we explored the transformative impact of digitisation on film distribution. Secondly, we examined how shifting market dynamics have led to increased consolidation and financialisation. Thirdly, we analysed the challenges posed by VOD platforms. Finally, we discussed the enduring importance of geo-blocking. On this last point, our interviewees underscored that geo-blocking is not merely a barrier but a vital mechanism for preserving the territoriality that underpins cultural diversity and ensures the economic sustainability of Europe’s audiovisual sector. The challenge lies in enhancing accessibility without undermining these critical pillars. These trends and opinions were echoed in interviews with senior professionals in Spain. In this major European focus territory, the distribution market is becoming increasingly reliant on foreign distributors, with national films often handled by multinational companies. This stands in contrast to other European countries, such as France, where robust national distributors continue to thrive. Streaming platforms have significantly reshaped the Spanish film industry. The expansion of services like Netflix, Amazon Prime, and Disney+ in Spain has fostered a market dominated by multi-territorial deals that local distributors struggle to compete with, often sidelining Spanish players. The Flemish case exemplifies many of the described trends and challenges. As Flanders represents a small regional market, distributors often acquire rights for Belgium and the broader Benelux region. The case highlights how the rise of digitisation has largely preserved a fragmented structure, where smaller distributors, in particular, struggle with economic viability amid shifting consumption patterns. Efforts by some smaller distributors to es...
Chapter Conclusion. This study outlines how passive remote monitoring technology could offer numerous benefits to monitoring the risk of aggression in inpatient forensic mental health services from the perspective of staff working within these services. Multiple points related to feasibility and acceptability were raised, therefore it was considered prudent to conduct an initial pilot study (see Chapter 4). Another key theme raised by staff related to the clinical utility of remote monitoring, particularly the potential to identify relevant changes in risk factors before this escalated into aggression. Chapters 6, 7 and 8 present the results of studies conducted with service users to investigate this possibility. Many findings in this study also reflect issues which are beyond the scope of this thesis but should be addressed in future research. For example, participants identified a range of implementation barriers that need to be overcome to integrate remote monitoring effectively into current working practice. This reflects a wider issue in the literature with most novel prediction models in mental health failing to progress to the implementation stage (Xxxxxxx xx Xxxxx et al., 2020). Establishing appropriate policies and standards for data protection represents another key hurdle for the wider use of remote monitoring, requiring collaboration between service users, healthcare staff, researcher and digital health organisations (Xxxxxx et al., 2019). These issues and recommendations for future research are discussed in greater detail in Chapter 9.
Chapter Conclusion. As noted in Chapter 3, gaps can be found in the hard law pillar of inter- national space law for the regulation of all four issues relating to the gov- ernance of ADR, viz., (1) the lack of a clear legal obligation to not create space debris and to clean up existing debris; (2) the ambiguity of “fault” in the current liability regime that may disincentivise ADR; (3) the jurisdiction and control over space objects that may constitute a legal hurdle for ADR; and (4) the absence of specific rules to address the dual-use concerns over ADR. The question of this chapter is how the soft law pillar contributes to filling these regulatory gaps in the hard law pillar. To answer this question, the current chapter examined a number of relevant soft law instruments to assess how the four issues are addressed by them.
Chapter Conclusion. Interest in 1 Corinthians and ancient education is on the rise. Though the scholarship of the mid-twentieth-century—especially the work of Judge, Malherbe, and Conzelmann—laid the tracks for future research, much of the work surveyed here saw publication at some point in the last decade. These works differ in kind, quality, and interpretation of the subject matter. Nevertheless, there appears to be a budding scholarly consensus that an informed reading of 1 Cor 1-4 must account for the educational motifs in these chapters. The scholarly projects surveyed above demonstrate the potential value of a clear and comprehensive statement regarding the nature, extent, and function of educational discourse in 1 Cor 1-4. To date, scholarship on education in 1 Corinthians has either focused on traditional research questions which have governed so much interpretation of 1 Corinthians since Baur (e.g., What was the Corinthian wisdom? Who were Paul’s opponents?), or demonstrated the importance of one facet of ancient Greek, Roman, or Jewish education (e.g., Hellenistic philosophy, the Jewish wisdom tradition). Much of this scholarship has implicitly assumed a stark (and outdated) division between Hellenistic and Jewish educational mores. In response to this need, the following chapters aim to describe the educational motifs in 1 Cor 1-4 on their own terms, in light of the educational systems which might have informed Paul’s language. It is to understanding these educational systems and their interrelationships that we now turn.
Chapter Conclusion. The Subsections below provide the answer to the RQ1 (in Subsection 2.6.1) and give further three research suggestions (in Subsection 2.6.2).
Chapter Conclusion. This systematic review identified that while a large range of dynamic risk factors for inpatient aggression have been reported, a substantially smaller number demonstrate good levels of replicability and predictive ability. These risk factors were selected as candidates for the ESM and passive remote monitoring procedures used in later studies in this thesis, with Chapter 6 outlining the process by which the final set of dynamic risk factors was chosen. This review also highlighted multiple limitations of previous research which this thesis will address. For example, studies in this review typically used infrequent assessments of risk factors which were separated by days, weeks or months. These studies could therefore not investigate to what extent these risk factors vary over shorter periods of time and how these short-term changes relate to risk of future aggression. Chapter 5 outlines the process which assessed the optimal timeframes for identifying significant change in these risk factors, with Chapters 6, 7 and 8 investigating the magnitude of change over these timeframes and the relationship to aggression. Another key limitation of studies in this review was a lack of raters who were blind to the aggressive outcomes, raising the possibility that their risk ratings were influenced by the knowledge of service users’ aggressive behaviour. The remote monitoring methods used in this thesis overcame this limitation as risk factor ratings were separate from staff members’ recording of aggressive incidents. The work presented in this chapter has been published: Xxxxx, X., Xxxxxxx, X., Xxxxx, X., & Xxxxx, T. (2019). Predicting inpatient aggression in forensic services using remote monitoring technology: qualitative study of staff perspectives. Journal of medical internet research, 21(9), e15620.
Chapter Conclusion. This chapter aimed to answer the questions of how the hard law pillar of international space law applies to the four issues relating to the governance of ADR and whether there exist regulatory gaps. An examination of the rules and principles under the UN space treaties and general international law shows that these rules and principles lay down the fundamental legal framework for space activities including ADR. Yet, they do not specifically address the issue of space debris, and there are legal gaps for the regulation of each of the four issues, which will be summarised below.
Chapter Conclusion. This chapter on changes, challenges, and paradoxes in the development of the theatrical film exhibition sector highlights the far-reaching impact of the transition from analogue to digital projection. This technological shift provided cinemas with unprecedented flexibility, cost reductions, democratised access, and the ability to adapt programming to better meet audience demand. At the same time, the number of films released in cinemas grew exponentially, leading to a "winner-takes- all" effect, where a few blockbusters generate the most revenue, while smaller (mid-tier) films struggled to stay visible. These trends were deeply challenged by the COVID-19 pandemic, which not only led to the closure of cinemas and, subsequently, a dramatic and historically catastrophic drop in admissions and box office results, but also gave streaming services an opportunity to develop and strengthen their strategies to attract online audiences. While the post-pandemic growth of the sector did not meet the most optimistic expectations, exhibitors emphasised the movie theatre’s unique appeal by highlighting the communal, immersive nature of the collective cinema experience, while also strengthening events and links with local communities. Arthouse and independent cinemas, in particular, proved to be more successful, leading to a growing convergence between multiplexes and other players in terms of programming and other strategies. Meanwhile, Hollywood films remained crucial for securing major box office revenues, especially for multiplexes. Although during and after the pandemic, major US players experimented with direct-to-consumer strategies via streaming services, there appears to be a growing recognition of the economic role and relevance of cinemas. Theatres provide essential visibility for movies and help them stand out in an increasingly crowded market. These general trends have characterised some of the major changes and challenges in Spain, one of the key European film exhibition territories. The Spanish case also highlights other important trends, such as the impact of digitalisation in innovating projection formats and enhancing the cinema-viewing experience (e.g., 3D and 4D formats), the rise of premium and luxury services, and the trend of film theatres returning to city centres, gaining new social relevance. The Flemish case offers a striking example of a small, regional yet undersaturated and highly fragmented film exhibition market. On one hand, it has a quasi...
Chapter Conclusion. This study investigated the acceptability and feasibility of ESM and passive remote monitoring procedures among a sample of forensic mental health staff and service users. Acceptability of remote monitoring is a key barrier to engagement, and it was essential to investigate this and highlight potential usability issues before progressing to the later studies reported in this thesis. Both ESM and passive remote monitoring were considered acceptable and feasible based on participant self-report and objective indices of device usage and data quality. A secondary aim was to compare the acceptability and feasibility of the Empatica E4 and Biovotion Everion, to select the optimal device to take forward in the future studies. Based on the findings the Empatica E4 was selected as the optimal device for use in future studies.