Recommendations for Future Research. Although our intervention was effective, there are always improvements we could make. One improvement that could be made is making sure that the groups were more homogeneous. The ability level of the students was more variant then we would have liked. While they all had similar gaps some students were better decoders than others, and that made it difficult to increase the accuracy of those students that needed it. Also along those lines, it would be better to do multiple groups and use the whole class. Our focus was ELL students who live in poverty which encompasses most of the students in the intervention experts class. However, this intervention would be beneficial for all students, not just ELL students. Since there were limited number of weeks we chose to do a small sample size of the class, but this limited our options for grouping appropriately and getting more accurate data for the effectiveness of the intervention. This intervention is something that all students would benefit from especially when it comes to reading with prosody. By using the whole class and grouping students more appropriately, the intervention would be more effective, and students would benefit from the process and gain confidence in their literacy skills. In further studies, it would be very beneficial to teach students about how to perform in front of other students. Students in first grade do not get a lot of experience with standing up and speaking in front of the class presenting something. Many students were nervous and spoke in a lower voice. They held their script in front of their face, and they stuttered over their words even though they were able to read accurately and with prosody with their partners throughout the week. Although the intervention expert tried to correct some of these issues during the intervention process, there was not enough time to model and completely support the students with their performance readings. The performance adds a different element to the repeated readings and asks students to get out of their comfort zone, with more time performing the students would do better and become more comfortable with the process, and some of these problems would eliminate themselves. Another recommendation for future research would be to add a question to the survey about Reader’s Theater. The point of the reading survey was to determine students’ motivation and understanding of reading and while there was important information about the participant’s engag...
Recommendations for Future Research. Because the current study only examined HPV vaccine initiation, future research should analyze HPV initiation and series completion patterns as more nationally representative datasets begin to include male HPV vaccination measures. Additionally, researchers should further examine geographical predictors of male HPV vaccine uptake, paying close attention to regional and state policy differences and school-mandated vaccination programs when larger sample sizes are available. Future studies should also attempt to study the important differences in HPV vaccination outcomes by measuring race and ethnicity with two separate constructs. In the current study, sample size restrictions prohibited more detailed analysis on the three-way interactions between teen race, ethnicity, and provider recommendation on vaccine initiation. Additionally, we do not know what type of provider NIS-Teen adolescents see when they receive HPV vaccines, and provider type may be an important indicator for successful vaccine initiation. Because the NIS-Teen does not include a measure of provider race or ethnicity, we could not measure patient-provider racial concordance. Researchers should use provider surveys to further explore this topic, as racial concordance may also have implications for the messaging included in HPV vaccine recommendations. While quantitative analysis is useful for identifying predictors of vaccination, qualitative studies may help explain the vaccination decision-making process for adolescent males and their parents, and whether or not cultural norms play an important role. For example, in 2015, Merck and Co., Inc. released Gardasil 9®, an HPV vaccine that protects against nine different HPV strains known to cause cancer and genital warts.[119] Researchers conducted online focus groups with 87 parents of daughters to examine parent perceptions of this new vaccine.[120] They found that parents remained hesitant of the “newness” of such vaccines, while others proposed delaying vaccination so their children would receive a “superior” vaccine. Parental concerns about vaccine safety continue to challenge HPV vaccine uptake. As a result, parents believe providers should exhibit more confidence when recommending HPV vaccines.[120] Identifying specific parental concerns and perspectives through focus groups and in-depth interviews, particularly for minorities, will help shape provider messaging around new versions of HPV vaccines in the future. Qualitative research would ...
Recommendations for Future Research. A qualitative research study would be useful to determine what happen to the stop outs and University withdrawals. There are many questions that still need to be answered. Did factors of academic difficulty, social connectedness, faculty, advisement, or overall customer service have any bearing on retention? What were the problems dealing with personal issues as moving, financial, or other life event? Was online learning a good fit with some students? Was course rigor a factor? The university and many other universities in the UNC system has moved to a degree pathway program where students can go to the Transfer and Advisement, Admissions, or Academic department website to locate community college/university equivalency curriculum guides. Transfer students can locate the guides and self-advise. There are definite advantages and disadvantages to self-advisement. Self-advisement through published degree plans eliminates additional work for transfer advisors. Transfer students will usually complete their associate’s degree before transferring and follow the university degree plan. The disadvantage to self-advisement is that the degree pathway will still leave some questions unanswered. Transfer students will have questions and individual situations beyond knowing what will transfer. Further research should be conducted to compare articulation agreements to degree pathways to determine if there is any significant outcome on transfer, retention, and graduation. In addition the researcher has suggested the following recommendations to improve student success and persistence.
Recommendations for Future Research. Although the current research revealed the benefits of mentoring for enhancement of teacher professional growth and the challenges that educators face while performing their roles as mentors, some limitations and suggestions for further research are discussed here. Firstly, this a small-scale study which was conducted in two schools with a small number of participants. It is recommended to have similar study with a larger sample covering large number of schools so the results obtained could be generalized to all Kazakhstani schools. A larger sample size would be more representative of the population of mainstream schools in the study area. Engaging more schools in the study will be essential for widening the range of data and forming a clearer picture for the mentoring programs in Kazakhstan. There is also a need to further investigate the efficiency of the peer and mentor teachers as trainers since this study majorly focused on professional development. Mentor efficiency is key in determining the success or failure of mentorship. References Xxxxxxxxxx, X. (2014). Are you ready to be a mentor? Preparing teachers for mentoring pre- service teachers. Australian Journal of Teacher Education, 39(6), 3. Xxxxxxxx, X. X., & Xxxxxxx, A. L. (1988). Toward a conceptualization of mentoring. Journal of Teacher education, 39(1), 38-42. Xxx, X., Xxxxxx, X., Xxxxxxxx, X., & Xxxxxx, D. (2013). Introduction to research in education. Cengage Learning. Xxxxxx, X. X., & Xxxxxx, X. X. (1999). Making the best of a learning experience. Techniques, 71(5). Xxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxx, X., & Xxxxx, M. (2010). How to Research: Maidenhead. Xxxxxx, X. X. (2000). Halting teacher turnover remains challenge at MPS. JS Online. Xxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxxxxx, X., Xxxxxx, X., Xxxxx, X., Xxxxxxxx, X., & Xxxxxxx, P. (Eds.). (2012). School effectiveness and improvement research, policy and practice: Challenging the orthodoxy?. Routledge. Xxxx, X. (2012). Examining the Mentoring Experience of Teachers. International Journal of Educational Leadership Preparation, 7(1), n1.
Recommendations for Future Research. From the results of this systematic review, the following recommendations can be made:
Recommendations for Future Research. Future research projects should focus on determining the cause of the issues in reporting with hospitals that have Level III nurseries and NICUs, utilizing similar methodology employed in the Iyengar et al. (2014) article. Potential causes would be that the hospitals are completing the screenings but the results are not being reported to the GA DPH by means of the NBS Card, or the hospitals are not completing the screenings at all. One way to determine whether screenings were occurring or not would be a study that focused on abstracting medical records for NICUs and hospitals with Level III nurseries. The medical records would be randomly sampled based on the DPH data records of infants that do not have reported data for the CCHD screening and hearing tests. Evidence that this would be an effective method for determining if screening occurs through the provider survey. Eight hospitals indicated that the hospital used another method for reporting results of the screenings. Most of these hospitals indicated a process of inputting the data into the electronic medical record, though an electronic submission system only pertains to three hospitals in Georgia. A future study should utilize this information to determine if hospitals are completing the screenings. Based off the findings of this future study the GA DPH could develop two different approaches to address the issue. If hospitals with Level III nurseries and NICUs are not completing the screenings the GA DPH should develop materials to help better integrate the screenings into the hospitals’ current newborn screening procedures. However, if the results of the proposed study indicate that the screenings are occurring, but the results are not being reported to the GA DPH, then alterations to the current reporting system should be taken into consideration. Alterations to the reporting system may be most effective for NICUs since the screenings may occur at a later time period than what is intended by the current NBS Card.
Recommendations for Future Research. In general, this study benefits the global public health community by contributing to the growing body of research on pediatric diarrhea. More specifically for Bolivia, our results offer new insight into how adult caregivers respond to a child with diarrhea requiring medical attention. This study highlights two specific questions worthy of investigation. First, why do caregivers make different treatment-seeking decisions depending on the age of the child? Our results indicate that a caregiver’s decision-making criteria may change as the child ages. Understanding this behavior would potentially allow public health officials in Bolivia to more efficiently allocate resources by identifying age-specific targets for intervention that change over time along with the concerns of the caregiver. Second, among Bolivian caregivers who have withheld treatment because of cost, what specific cost-related issues cause the greatest anxiety, and how can they be addressed prior to the onset of illness? This study can potentially help Bolivia answer both of these questions by expanding upon what is already known and by providing novel information currently unavailable in the published research.
Recommendations for Future Research. MHM research has relied heavily on qualitative methodologies and as a result, has strong documentation of personal experiences, this study included. However, limited study designs and methodologies may preclude a broader evidence base for MHM research and programming. Quantitative research, intervention trials, observational studies, participatory methods, operational research, natural experiments, and standardized outcome measures could be considered for future research (Xxxxxxxx-Xxxxxx et al., 2016; Xxxxxx & Sahin, 2013). This study contributes detailed accounts of menstruation for women across life stages and continued research centered on the experiences of women is recommended. MHM research primarily focuses on the experiences of adolescent girls in school settings and, while recent studies have centered on the experiences of women, this is a population that is largely overlooked in MHM programs, funding, and research. Finally, further research should engage the value of the proposed definition for adequate MHM. The revised definition was developed from the results of this specific sample and should be tested in other populations to evaluate its validity. If the definition proves to have broad utility, it can inform program development, monitoring, and evaluation efforts as it is more inclusive of the scope of women’s concerns and needs than the existing JMP definition. References Alam, M. U., Xxxx, X. X., Xxxxxx, A. K., Islam, K., Opel, A., Xxxxx, A. K., . . . Unicomb, L. (2017). Menstrual hygiene management among Bangladeshi adolescent schoolgirls and risk factors affecting school absence: results from a cross-sectional survey. BMJ Open, 7(7), e015508. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015508 Xxxxx, X. X., Xxxxx, B., Torondel, B., Das, P., Dutta, A., Xxxxx, X. X., . . . Panigrahi, P. (2017). From menarche to menopause: A population-based assessment of water, sanitation, and hygiene risk factors for reproductive tract infection symptoms over life stages in rural girls and women in India. PloS One, 12(12), e0188234. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0188234 Xxxxxxxx, X. X. (1999). Elicitation techniques for cultural domain analysis Enhanced ethnographic methods: audiovisual techniques, focused group interviews, and elicitation techniques ethnographer toolkit. 15-51. Xxxxxx, X. X., Xxxxxx, T., Xxxxx, X. X., Xxxxxx, H. L. F., Xxxxxx, C., & Haardorfer, R. (2017). Assessing Women's Negative Sanitation Experiences and Concerns: The Development of a Novel Sanitation Insecuri...
Recommendations for Future Research. Photovoice can definitely be used as a powerful tool for qualitative research. This study used a combination of cameras with focus groups, however, it would really add to the methodology if one-on-one key interviews are incorporated into it. While conducting the focus groups it was evident that the mothers were not comfortable expressing themselves and were not particularly vocal. This could most likely be attributed to a culture of diffidence prevalent in the women of the region. On the other hand, after doing home visits and training the women one-on-one with the cameras made them more comfortable and increased interaction. It was evident that the women were more comfortable interacting one-on-one with the researcher than in large groups especially since the researcher was a female. A stronger strategy to boost participation could also be to involve family members i.e. husbands and in-laws into nutritional interventions rather than solely targeting the mother. Since issues of women empowerment are so intricately linked to maternal and child nutrition, there could not be a more effective strategy than targeting the structures that so frequently bind her aspirations and capabilities, which in most cases are her own family members and community. In context of the MMP program, it is important to evaluate the extent of coverage by front-line workers in dissemination of the powder as well as providing the beneficiaries with correct instructions about usage. There is need for an increased focus on counselling provided to the mothers on proper use of MMP and addressing challenges they facing such as ‘child not eating the powder’ and other concerns such as the food taking on a reddish hue on adding the powder. Furthermore, perceptions about MMP use such as it being a medicine need to be evaluated for their effect on compliance with the product.
Recommendations for Future Research. The field of CAM research among HIV-positive populations is still in its nascent stages. However, given the increasing popularity of CAM use among this population, it is imperative that the assessment of CAM be rigorous and thorough so that HIV healthcare providers can be adequately informed about their patients’ CAM-related behaviors, knowledge and beliefs. More educated providers will ultimately provide better quality of care for the patients. The first step in this process requires CAM researchers to be more thoughtful in our development and implementation of CAM instruments. Most studies administer a “one size fits all” CAM measure typically consisting of simplistic questions (e.g., “Have you ever used any of the following types of CAM?”) followed by a laundry list of all possible CAM modalities, in spite of the fact that prior literature suggests that the CAM therapies used by study participants often vary by race/ethnicity and stage of disease. For example, while some modalities are considered CAM by most users (e.g., acupuncture), many other modalities are used primarily by only one ethnic group (e.g., the use of green tea and soy products by Asian-Americans, the use of a Curandero by Latinos, and the use of prayer or garlic by African-Americans, to name but a few)37-40. Other evidence indicates that individuals who report more clinic visits, have lower Helper T-Cell levels and higher HIV viral load may be more likely to use different types of CAM or use CAM more frequently compared to their healthier counterparts15, 41, 42. Yet, most studies with HIV-positive populations fail to administer CAM instruments that reflect an understanding of this diversity in CAM use by race/ethnicity or stage of disease. To accurately assess CAM utilization the questions asked must be tailored to the specific study population. The second step towards more rigorous CAM measurement involves more thorough assessment of this complex phenomenon in three ways. One, because of the inherently subjective nature of CAM24, questions must assess participants’ intentions with respect to their CAM use. For example, green tea may be listed on an instrument as a possible CAM therapy. Two participants may indicate that they drink green tea regularly; however, one does so because she believes it is anticarcinogenic while the other simply likes the taste. The former participant is using CAM, the latter is not. Failure to include an assessment of intention in CAM-related questions may re...
