Context and Background. The signatories of the Memorandum of Understanding entitled ‘PARTICIPATION IN THE EUCLID EDUCATIONAL FRAMEWORK (OPEN MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING (MOU) BETWEEN THE PARTICIPATING EUCLID PARTIES REGARDING THEIR PARTICIPATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL FRAMEWORK DEFINED HEREIN), also referred to as ‘the EUCLID MOU’; ▪ Having considered the fact that the Euclid University Consortium was formed in 2005/2006 by means of international agreements between the Université Libre Internationale (Brussels, Belgium) / Université Libre du Burkina, the University of Bangui (Central African Republic), and the Ministry of Education of Chad / University of N’Djamena, under the High Stewardship of the Ambassador of the Central African Republic in Washington, D.C., Xxxxxxxx Xxxxxxx, and administered by the International Organization for Sustainable Development; ▪ Having considered the governmental-ministerial and intergovernmental accreditation or recognition granted to Xxxxxx’s programs and joint-degree issuance protocol by the Minister of Education of the Republic of Xxxx, Xx. Xxxxxx Xxxxx Al-Farouk and confirmed by a Memorandum of Understanding between the Islamic Chamber of Commerce and Industry and the International Organization for Sustainable Development ; ▪ Having considered the high level of interest expressed by many governments and government officials regarding the programs offered; ▪ Noting that government officials from various countries have already benefited from Xxxxxx’s programs with full or partial scholarships; ▪ Desiring to ensure that the educational programs offered by this international framework should be globally recognized; ▪ Seeking to promote the Sustainable Development of their nations, especially by promoting accessibility to higher education; ▪ Having referred to the statutes and programs of the Academy of European Law (xxx.xxx) as a model of international cooperation in the field of specialized education; ▪ Desiring to take advantage of an international academic think-tank able to function as an advisory resource to the Participating Parties;
Context and Background. 3.1 Over the last eight financial years the Council has identified budget reductions in excess of £220 million due to Government cuts, rising cost pressures and increased need for services. When the 2018-2019 budget was approved by Full Council in March 2018, it was projected that further budget reduction and income generation proposals totalling £
Context and Background. Institutional setting Urban growth agreements
Context and Background. SECTION 100:
Context and Background. ARTICLE 1
Context and Background. Although globally there is enough water to satisfy the demand of almost every person on the planet (Savenije, 2000), the spatial and temporal distribution of this freshwater (Oki and Kanae, 2006) and of the global population means that in reality there are areas of the planet that suffer from serious water shortages. Generally, developing nations are more severely affected by these shortages, being located in (semi-)arid locations. However, the recent 2012 drought in the United Kingdom illustrates that even more developed nations can still suffer water shortages, with potential impacts on livelihoods and the economy. It has been shown that globally during the period 1960-2000, more people - from 27% to 43% of the global population from 1960 to 2000 - have been pushed into more water-stressed situations, mainly due to increasing water demand predominantly from the agricultural sector (Wada et al., 2011) which accounts for c. 85% of the total global consumptive water withdrawal (Xxxxxxxx et al., 2008). On top of this backdrop, are the potential impacts of climate, population and social change in the coming decades. Current model projections of global climate change indicate a general warming trend by the 2050s, particularly over the Mediterranean and North Africa region (Xxxxxx et al., 2004; Xxxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxxxx, 2007; Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx et al., 2009; Xxxxxxx et al., 2007). In addition, rainfall totals in this region are expected to become either lower or more sporadic (Xxxxxx et al., 2004; Xxxxxxx et al., 2007), with a concomitant increase in drought frequency (Xxxxxxxxxxxxxx et al., 2009; Xxxxxxx et al., 2007). It is recognised however that there is considerable scatter in model results, varying not only by model type but also by the simulation resolution (Xxxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxxxx, 2007). Despite this, the general warming and drying trend over the Mediterranean Basin is still generally observed. With respect to global population, general estimate to 2050 are that the population will increase from seven billion at present to between c. 8 - 10.6 billion (United Nations, 2010), with a large increase also expected around the Mediterranean. An additional consideration is that as societies develop and wealth increases, household (domestic) water consumption is generally expected to rise (Alcamo et al., 2007; Xxxxxx and Matovelle, 2010) as is agricultural water use as a result of increasing demand for more water intensive products and the effects of increas...
Context and Background. 1. Since the establishment of the United Nations Permanent Forum for Indigenous Issues (UNPFII) in 2000, there has been a very strong and consistent demand from indigenous leaders for IFAD and other international financial institutions (IFIs) to provide resources in support of projects by and for indigenous peoples. In this regard, significant potential exists for more effective and development-oriented dialogue between IFIs, UNPFII and indigenous peoples’ communities and organizations with a view to enhanced partnership and cooperation. In an effort to implement a proactive approach to establishing a direct partnership with indigenous peoples, the World Bank in 2003 established the Grants Facility for Indigenous Peoples (GFIP). The objective was to assist indigenous peoples in designing, approving and implementing sustainable development projects based on their own perspective of self-determined development. The World Bank allocated US$2 million from its Development Grant Facility for a period of three years. The principal innovations of the GFIP are: (a) the provision of grants directly to indigenous peoples’ organizations for the empowerment and inclusion of indigenous peoples in decision-making processes; (b) the governance structure, inasmuch as the Facility is managed by a board comprised of indigenous people with a voting majority; and
(c) the sustainability commitment to establish the Facility in separate institutions and disseminate the experience learned from indigenous, demand-driven development initiatives.
2. Against this backdrop, a series of meetings were held between IFAD, the World Bank and UNPFII in the first half of 2006 to discuss the handover of the GFIP to IFAD in pursuit of the World Bank objective of establishing the Facility in a separate institution. As a result, in June 2006 the World Bank and IFAD signed a letter agreement to make available to IFAD a contribution in the amount of US$415,000 to transfer the Facility to IFAD, where it would take on the name of Indigenous Peoples Assistance Facility. The World Bank agreed to assist IFAD during the transitional period of housing the Facility at IFAD by assigning World Bank personnel to provide staff time to support and train IFAD staff and by transferring to IFAD a contribution of US$500,000 equivalent to be provided by the Kingdom of Norway and earmarked for this purpose.
Context and Background. 1.1 University Centre Colchester
Context and Background. 2.2.1 A forward thinking response to the Public Sector financial environment
Context and Background. 3.1 In February 2019, the Governor of the Central Bank of Ireland (Central Bank) received a request from the Director General of the Central Statistics Office (CSO), in accordance with Section 30 of the Statistics Act, 1993, to provide Central Credit Register (CCR) data to the CSO (the ‘2019 Data Request’). Section 30 of the Statistics Act, 1993 gives a statutory power to the CSO to deliver a notice of request to any public authority to allow the CSO access to or copies of any records in its charge.
3.2 The Credit Reporting Act 2013 as amended, provides the statutory basis under which the Central Bank operates the CCR and collects data. Since 30 June 2017 Credit Information Providers (CIPs), e.g. including banks, credit unions, and any other lender that provides loans for €500 or more, have submitted personal and credit information on those loans to the CCR every month. Submissions to the CCR started with credit cards, mortgages, overdrafts, and personal loans. Since 31 March 2018, licensed moneylenders and local authorities have submitted information to the CCR every month. Business loans have also been included from this time. Since 30 June 2019, lenders have submitted information on hire purchase, personal contract plans (PCP) and asset finance loans.
3.3 It is an extract of this data, hereafter referred to as the CSO-CCR data, as requested in the 2019 Data Request and agreed between the CSO and Central Bank, that will be provided to the CSO.
3.4 This Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) refers to the provision of the data referred to above (‘CSO-CCR data’) from the Central Bank to the CSO.
