Ontology Clause Samples
The Ontology clause defines the specific terms, concepts, and relationships used within the agreement to ensure a shared understanding between the parties. It typically outlines how key terms are interpreted, may reference external standards or definitions, and clarifies the context in which certain words or phrases are used throughout the contract. By establishing a clear and consistent vocabulary, this clause helps prevent misunderstandings and disputes over terminology, ensuring that all parties interpret the contract language in the same way.
Ontology. In fact there exist a lot of similar definitions for this notion. There is unfortunately not one universally accepted definition available. The following definition should although be given: An ontology is a formal specification of a shared conceptualization An ontology describes o What kind of things exist or can exist o What manner of relations can those things have to each other12 In the following section a list of publicly accessible information resources on the Web is presented. The focus lies therefore on platforms using the principles of (Linked) Open Data 10 ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/wiki/Linked_data 11 ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/faq 12 ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/wiki/Ontology and Ontology look up services13. For further information about available formats see chapter 5.3. Open Government Data (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/data/) Open Data Index (▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/) Global Open Data Index (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/year/2015) European Union Open Data Portal (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇-▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇/en/data/) Linking Open Government Data (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇▇/) The European Open Government Data Initiative (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇/en/europeanopen.aspx) Open Data initiatives from EU countries (e.g. ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇/, ▇▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇/site/open-data/) UNdata ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇▇/ The World Bank ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇ Engage project ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇ DBPedia ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/ Eurostat Urban Audit ▇▇▇▇://▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇/eurostat/web/cities/data/database The Episcope and Tabula Website ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇/welcome/ The Buildings Performance Institute Europe (BPIE) ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇/data- search Clean Web Initiative ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇ Local statistics authorities e.g. ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇/web_en/statistics/index.html Ontology search engines ▇▇▇▇▇▇ (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇.▇▇) Swoogle (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇) Linked Open Vocabularies (LOV) (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/data set/lov) Linked Data data set catalogue Datahub (Data Management Systems) ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇ Reegle (▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇/) Open Energy Information (OpenEI) (▇▇▇▇://▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇.▇▇▇/data sets) This enumeration of platforms and resources does not claim to be exhaustive as well. But it should give a rough overview about possible resource types with the characteristics of public accessibility which could be exploited for feeding the data sets needed for a comprehensive indicator system like CITYkeys. 13 ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇▇▇▇▇...
Ontology. A complete data modelling allows PALANTIR to act consistently and exhaustively against different threats and anomalies. In this context, the ontology defines the information used by the involved elements in different processes and tasks. The final intent of this ontology is to best understand which SC to leverage under certain conditions. Figure 8.1-1 depicts the ontology with its different classes and relations. It contains seven classes, which relate to the main PALANTIR components from WP3, WP4 and WP5 involved in the remediation procedures. Their significance and relationships are described below. ● The Data Type represents the different data modalities contemplated in PALANTIR. In this case, the NDS SC (NetFlow and Zeek logs) and SIEM SC (host-based logs) are providers of data. This class is connected to the Protection Method one and uses the latter as input. ● The Protection Method class defines the detection and mitigation methods (i.e. the two families of SCs) available in PALANTIR as its subclasses. It is connected to two specific classes: Security Capability and Threat. ● The Security Capability class does refer to the security service developed to be deployed in the client infrastructure. This class supposes a central part of the ontology because it has relation with a great part of the ontology classes. Also, a Security Capability can implement one or more protection methods and is related to the Threat class, contributing to mitigate the effects represented by the latter. ● The Threat class defines the threats/attacks classified by the WP5 components, where the categorization and remediation procedure are performed. This class is also connected to the Billing Model and Incident Response classes because it directly affects the data allocated in both classes. ● The Billing Model class represents the different fees to be applied regarding the deployed SCs and the contracted characteristics. This class identifies the specific component allocated in WP4 in charge of this functionality. The connection between the Billing Model and Threat classes is due to a Threat generating a remediation procedure that deploys a new security service. This fact is also represented by the connection between the Billing Model, Incident Response, and Security Capability classes. ● Besides, the Billing Model depends on the Deployment Model; where the latter defines the available deployment models (or delivery modes), which have associated different physical resources, o...
Ontology. The term ontology [217] has its origin in philosophy. In computer science and information science, an ontology is a formal representation of a set of concepts within a domain and the relationships between those concepts. It is used to define and model the domain knowledge and reason about the properties of that domain. In theory, an ontology is a ”formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualisation” [287]. An ontology provides a shared vocabulary, which can be used to model a domain - that is, the type of objects and/or concepts that exist, and their properties and relations [90].
Ontology. The concepts that the pattern addresses, together with the relationships between the concepts.
Ontology. Ontology plays an important role in this research, because it describes how reality is defined in the research and how it is constructed. There seems to be a clear dualism between two opposing views on reality. In the positivistic approach, reality is constructed by observations by the subjects. The positivist approach is more applied to quantitative research and sees truth as the result of empirical knowledge. De Roo (2007) describes this as a result of modernistic thinking, in which control and certainties played an important role. But as mentioned in the theoretical framework, the ideas about planning have changed in the past decades in the Netherlands towards a more post-modernist approach in which uncertainty and complex are central. The opposing side of the debate, the interpretivist paradigm, in which the reality is socially constructed is also known as the intersubjective approach. De Roo describes this as from an object oriented observation towards an intersubjective interaction. Reality of the object is a construction made my multiple subjects and is generated by communication, information and coordination. To be concrete this means that reality is constructed by many people and matters in the physical domain become constructions instead of problems. This means according to De Roo that matters in the physical domain will focus more on the process to come to a shared problem instead of starting with a clear problem. This relates to this research by the idea that a CBA has this shared approach and sees reality as a shared meaning. Area specific demands can result in action in a CBA. Therefore, a CBA can be seen as a postmodernist idea: problems are constructed by different groups of people and will use this problem as the starting point of the problem.
Ontology. The parts of the ontology that is proposed for engineering materials data are shown in Figure 22, with generic models in cream, generic reference data in grey, material models in green, and material reference data in pink. Figure 23 depicts the categorization of the concepts according to the CEN/▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇ model for engineering materials data. Ontologies corresponding to the concepts presented are available from the following URIs: ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/cwas/SERES/2014/DRAFT/ontology/business ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/cwas/SERES/2014/DRAFT/ontology/material/reference-data/characterization/analysis- method ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/cwas/SERES/2014/DRAFT/ontology/material/reference-data/characterization/chemical This scheme combines classes and reference data, where the reference data consist of lists and catalogues that correspond to engineering materials specifications, product Standards, etc. For example, for the engineering materials process model, it could be anticipated that a controlled list corresponding to ISO 4885:1996 (Ferrous products -- Heat treatments – Vocabulary) would be located at ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/cwas/SERES/2014/DRAFT/ontology/material-process/reference-data, while controlled lists corresponding to individual product Standards (such as ISO 6929:2013 Steel products — Vocabulary) and specifications (such as ASTM A182 / A182M - 13a Standard Specification for Forged or Rolled Alloy and Stainless Steel Pipe Flanges, Forged Fittings, and Valves and Parts for High-Temperature Service) would be located at ▇▇▇▇://▇▇▇.▇▇▇.▇▇/cwas/SERES/2014/DRAFT/ontology/material-type/reference-data. This reliance on engineering materials specification and Standards provides the clearest indication of the role of the engineering materials TCs in the development of ICT Standards for engineering materials data, namely to routinely assign URIs to the terms and definitions in the Standards for which they are responsible. Information engineers can then turn these items into computer processible reference data.
Ontology. An implicit commitment to the good raises the question of what kind of ontological presuppositions are required in order to justify such views of the good.109 This is a third area where ▇▇▇▇▇▇’▇ notion of “inarticulacy” comes into play for he complains of their neglect of the 104 ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, “The Sublime and the Good,” in Existentialists and Mystics: Writings on Philosophy and Literature, ed. ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ (New York: Penguin, 1997), 205. 105 ▇▇▇▇▇▇, “Justice After Virtue,” 22. 106 See ▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇, The Sovereignty of Good (London: Routledge and ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇, 1971), 41, 73, 97, 100. 107 ▇▇▇▇▇▇, Sources of the Self, 504. 108 ▇▇▇▇▇▇ frequently picks on utilitarians in this regard. He writes, for example, “The utilitarian lives within a moral horizon which cannot be explicated by his own moral theory.” ▇▇▇▇▇▇, Sources of the Self, 31. 109 I’m grateful to conversations with ▇▇▇▇▇ ▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇▇ for reminding me of this dimension of ▇▇▇▇▇▇’▇ thinking. issue of moral ontology. In his view, “there reigns an ideologically induced illusion about the nature of the moral ontology that the thinkers concerned actually rely on.”110 When it comes to contemporary moral theories, specifically those of a naturalist persuasion, he spots “a tension between phenomenology and ontology.”111 ▇▇▇▇▇▇ worries whether the meaning morality has for us, specifically that of being a “higher” way of living, is really compatible with the either the total neglect of moral ontology or the reductionistic naturalist ontologies underpinning many contemporary moral theories.112 At this level inarticulacy refers to “a lack of fit between what people as it were officially and consciously believe, even pride themselves on believing, on the one had, and what they need to make sense of some of their reactions, on the other.”113 In other words, ▇▇▇▇▇▇ thinks that we must confront “the issue of how to align our best phenomenology with an adequate ontology, how to resolve a seeming lack of fit…either by enriching one’s ontology, or by revising or challenging the phenomenology”114 We suffer from one sense of moral inarticulacy to the extent that we cannot or will not acknowledge the deeper ontological presuppositions of our moral beliefs, feelings, and commitments—or so ▇▇▇▇▇▇’▇ argument runs.115 Moral inarticulacy does not only manifest itself in several forms, but it also points the way forward towards moral articulacy. On ▇▇▇▇▇▇’▇ view, moral articulacy requires that we translate the insights of modern mora...