Household Surveys. The objectives of the household survey was to; understand demographic and economic profile of households within the project locations, know status of and issues related to ownership and tenancy structure, assess resident’s access to infrastructure, social amenities, understand environmental conditions, health and various social issues.. This information is important as it help in establishing baseline data required during Project impact evaluation after commissioning.
Household Surveys. Within study neighborhoods, households were defined as a person or group of people sharing cooking or living areas. Compounds consisted of a group of households sharing the same structure. Surveys were conducted in 200 households per neighborhood, selected by dividing the neighborhood into segments, randomly choosing a starting household within each segment, and conducting systematic sampling, as previously described by Peprah et al.113 GPS coordinates were collected at each household. The target respondent for the survey was the primary caregiver of the youngest child, generally the female head of household. The number of people living in the household and compound and ownership of animals was recorded in the survey. Enumerators categorized the type of household sanitation facilities present by observation. Facilities were classified into “contained” (ventilated improved pit (VIP) or Kumasi ventilated improved pit (KVIP) latrine, pour-flush/flush toilets into a septic/sewage system, or traditional pit latrines with slabs) and “uncontained” categories (bucket/pan latrines, other latrines, no facility present) based on JMP structural guidelines.29,113 There were too few study households with uncontained, onsite facilities present to separate this group from households without onsite sanitation. “Improved” or “unimproved” sanitation categories were not used because most facilities were shared by at least two households.29 Facilities were classified as “minimally-shared” according to two definitions proposed in the 2013 Update to the JMP guidelines and considered in previous studies: 1) 5 or fewer households sharing the facility, or 2) 30 people or fewer people sharing a facility.109,144,152 These definitions were not mutually exclusive. Households not categorized into a given definition were classified into the comparison group, which therefore consisted of both households without sanitation and households with sanitation shared by more than 5 households or 30 people (too few households in this category were present to create a separate comparison group for analysis). Surveys and observations at public toilets have been described previously.113 GPS points of all public toilets in the study area were collected during transect walks with a community leader, though only a subset of public toilets were observed. Public toilets were divided into “contained” and “uncontained” categories, as described for household sanitation facilities.
Household Surveys. The household surveys are a cornerstone of this assignment. Surveys will be online and in paper form in both English and Spanish and will target households that have children under six—whether or not they utilize paid child care. The surveys will collect data on the incidence of households with children under six and demand for child care, including the types of care desired/utilized, the hours of paid child care desired/used, the incidence of demand for child care for children with special needs, demand for evening and weekend care and the need for non-English speaking care. We will also use surveys to gather information on child care satisfaction, quality and reliability, as well as the effects of inconsistent or unavailable child care on parents in the work place. As desired by the client, we will includes questions about willingness to pay for childcare and awareness of subsidy programs (i.e. CCCAP). Root will draft the survey instruments based on the client’s objectives and will use our experience in conducting similar surveys in other locations. The project team will review the instrument with the client before launching the survey. Please see the attached sample report as an illustration of our survey design experience and approach. In order to manage project costs while reaching a wide audience, Root proposes focusing on an online survey using the Survey Monkey platform. Surveys would also be made available in paper form as requested. Root would promote the online survey through existing childcare providers, the school district, major employers, social media, pediatric offices (if possible) and any other local distribution mechanisms. The survey, as well as promotional materials, would be offered in both English and Spanish. Root will monitor the survey as it progresses and will compare demographic and socioeconomic indicators with the overall population and will work with the committee to adjust outreach efforts as necessary to make sure we are reaching all segments of the potential user population. Results will be analyzed across different segments as well (e.g., race/ethnicity, income, etc.) as allowed by the sample size of respondents. In all of Root’s community work, one of our core strengths is our ability to reach hard-to-reach populations. Throughout the process, we make sure to ask “who is missing?” and provide creative solutions to seeking those groups out. We will work though all available channels—including employers, service providers,...
Household Surveys. Once a household consented to the study, the female head of household or other adult respondent was administered a survey which covered household demographics, socioeconomic status, cooking, lighting, and household drinking water practices, self- reported responded health, and child health, if children under 5 was a member of the household. Enumerators entered the survey data using DoFormsTM software on smartphones who were trained by staff from London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and also entered in observational data for each household visited. This analysis will pull variables from the survey sections on household demographics, household assets, handwashing practices, drinking water fetching, storage, and treatment practices.
