Population dynamics. Data on productivity and survival are scant for both European populations of Long-tailed Duck. No long-term studies have been carried out, with the exception of hunting bag data from Denmark, and few short-term studies have focused on demography. However, information on the ratio of adults to immature birds during the winter comes from a number of sources (see Figure 3) within the Baltic Sea and these data suggest that annual productivity has declined significantly during approximately the 20 years up until the late 2000s. Although Long-tailed Duck productivity has always fluctuated significantly between years, in response to well-established factors such as weather and predator-prey cycles in the Arctic breeding grounds, the peaks in productivity have become less frequent since the early 1990s and thus average productivity has apparently decreased. It is also possible that at some point during this decline the average level of productivity became insufficient to maintain a stable population trend. These data derive from the examination of corpses from harvests, oiling incidents and xxxx net drowning and, since 2008, a more focused effort to estimate the ratio of adult to immature (first-winter) males by photographing large numbers of flocking birds and identifying the age class of each bird on plumage differences. The only continuous dataset of >20 years is the Danish wing survey, which shows a decline in productivity from the mid-1980s to the mid-2000s, and a small increase since then though remaining below average levels of the 1980s. Other temporally shorter datasets (see Figure 3) do not individually demonstrate a decline in productivity, however, they do show similar temporal patterns in the range of annual productivity, with datasets from before the 1990s showing a large range in annual productivity, and those since the early 1990s showing a lower range and overall average. Collectively, data from xxxx net victims in the south Baltic indicate that annual productivity decreased by approximately 75% from 1990 to 2000 (X. Xxxxxxxxx in xxxx.). Ageing of wintering birds in the field has been undertaken at key wintering areas in the central Baltic Sea and at migration bottlenecks in the Åland archipelago, the Gulf of Finland and in Estonia. Data from Gotland and the Swedish offshore banks indicate that the annual proportion of immature birds averaged 11.4% between 1996 and 2012 (X. Xxxxxxx pers. comm.).
Population dynamics. Survival: Based on an analysis of ring recoveries, Ebbinge et al. (1984) calculated that the annual adult survival rate of pink-footed geese increased from 0.71 during 1955-1974 to 0.85 during 1975-1983. The increase in survival was ascribed to protection from hunting in the Belgian and Dutch wintering grounds (gradually implemented during 1968-1976). Based on capture/resightings of neck-banded individuals, Xxxxxx & Xxxx (1996) estimated annual adult survival rate was 0.84 during 1990-1996. Subsequent capture-resighting analyses has given similar estimates (Xxxxxx et al. 2002; Xxxx et al. 2006). Signs of a decrease in annual survival shown in Xxxxxx et al. (2002) was not confirmed in the longer time series, hence there is no suggestion of a recent change in adult survival (Xxxx et al. 2006). In years with mild xxxxxxx the survival rate increases. On a seasonal basis mortality is highest during autumn and summer (Xxxxxx et al. 2002).
Population dynamics. The total population of the eligible border area is 2 302 552 people (2001), distributed almost equally on both sides. As the following table demonstrates both sides of the border region are characteri- sed by a net natural population decrease (Table 1). This decrease is somewhat faster on the Croatian side and it is quite fast in certain counties (such as the county of Bjelovarsko-bilogorska). COUNTY POPULATION POPULATION CHANGE LIVE BIRTHS DEATHS NATURAL INCREASE PER 1000 INHABITANTS 1991 2001 100% = 1991 2001 Somogy 344 708 335 237 97.2 3 172 4 600 -4.25 Baranya 417 400 407 448 97.6 3 705 5 209 -3.69 Zala 306 398 297 404 97.1 2 465 3 924 -4.91 Total Hungarian side 1 068 506 1 040 089 97.3 9 342 13 733 -4.22 HU Total 10 381 959 10 076 994 97.1 96 138 131 530 -3.51 Koprivničko- križevačka 129 397 124 467 96.2 1 104 1 708 -4.85 Viroviticko- podravska 104 625 93 389 89.3 843 1 273 -4.60 Osječko-baranjska 367 193 330 506 90.0 2 794 4 030 -3.74 Medijimurska 119 886 118 426 98.8 1 249 1 272 -0.19 Požesko-slavonska 99 334 85 831 86.4 822 1 006 -2.14 Vukovarsko- srijemska 231 241 204 768 88.6 1 901 2 249 -1.70 Varaždinska 187 853 184 769 98.4 1 683 2 492 -4.38 Bjelovarsko- bilogorska 144 042 133 084 92.4 1 129 1 958 -6.23 Total Croatian side 1 383 571 1 275 240 92.2 11 525 15 988 -3.50 HR Total 4 774 635 4 437.460 92.9 40 094 50 569 -2.36 TOTAL BORDER REGION 2 453 077 2 302 552 93.9 20 451 29 836 -4.08 Table 1 Population dynamics (Source: CROSTAT, Census 1991, 2001; HCSO, Census 1991, 2001) Migration to and from the region, including migration from other counties and abroad, is balanced in the entire border region, and does not cause a significant distortion to the natural balance (-0.84). Only Zala and Somogy counties were able to present positive mi- gration balance according to the census of 2001. (For more data see Annex 2.) However, in Požesko-slavonska, Vukovarsko-Srijemska and even Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska and Viroviticko-podravska coun- ties the values of out-migration are rather high. According to the ageing index in Zala and Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska, the ratio of young and the elder generation has been balanced, and only Medijimurska, Požesko-slavonska, and Vukovarsko-Srijemska showed up younger age structure. If we consider that in these counties the ratio of young generation has been the highest, (except Bjelovarsko-Bilogorska) the threat of depopulation is predictable as a real social problem. Table 2 presents the net migration together with the ageing ...
Population dynamics. Causes and Consequences of World Demographic Change. New York: Random House, 1965. Xxxx, Xxxxxx. Waiting for God. Translated by Xxxx Xxxxxxxx. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 2001. Xxxx, Xxxxxxx X. “We Are All Connected: Toward a Biblical Theology of Creation.” Lexington Theological Quarterly (Online) 45, no. 3–4 (September 2013): 57–67. Xxxxxx, Xxxxxx X. Genesis 1-15. Vol. 1. Word Biblical Commentary. Waco: Word Books, 1987. Xxxxxxxxxx, Xxxxx. Genesis 1-11: A Commentary. Minneapolis: Xxxxxxxx XxxXxxxx, 0000. ———. Genesis 12-36: A Commentary. Minneapolis: Augsburg PubHouse, 1985. Xxxxx, Xxxxxxx X., and Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx. “Fewer and Better Children: Race, Class, Religion, and Birth Control Reform in America.” American Journal of Sociology 119, no. 6 (2014): 1710–60. Xxxxxxxx, Xxxxx X. “The Beautiful and the Barren: Conventions in Biblical Type- Scenes.” Journal for the Study of the Old Testament 5, no. 17 (August 1980): 107–19.
Population dynamics. Xxxxxxxx, X. 1979. Origins of eastern north Pacific Sea mammal fauna. Geographical area(s): NPAC Ecology: evolution Xxxxxxxx, X. X. 1983. Growth layers in hard tissue of balaenid . IN: Abstracts, Fifth Biennial Conference on the Biology of Marine Mammals, November 27 - December 1, 1983, Boston, MA. p. 68. Geographical area(s): N/S Biology: physiology Xxxxxxxx, X. X. & X. X. Xxxxxxxx. 1983. On the minimum population level of from which recovery is problematical. IN: Abstracts, Fifth Biennial Conference on Biology of Marine Mammals, November 27-December 1, 1983, Boston, MA, p. 68. Geographical area(s): N/S Population Dynamics: recruitment, review Xxxxxxxx, X. X., & X. X. Xxxxxx. 1982. Factors affecting abundance of bowhead whales in the eastern Arctic of North America 1915-1980. 22(l): 59-78. Geographical area(s): NATL Ecology: habitat Population Dynamics: mortality Subsistence Whaling: whaling (recent) Commercial Whaling: commercial whaling (historic) Xxxxxxxx, 1980. Catch records of cetaceans off the coast of the Kii Peninsula, Japan. Mere. Sci. (Tokyo) Geographical area(s): NPAC Abundance & Distribution: distribution Xxxxx, X. 1951. Food of whales (in the adjacent waters of Japan ). Rept. Inst. Geographical area(s): JAPA Ecology: feeding Xxxxx, X. X., & X. Xxxxx. 1963. Discovery of right whales in the Gulf of Mexico. Science Geographical area(s): NATL, GOM Biology: morphology Abundance & Distribution: distribution x Xxxxxx, 1978. Native Whaling in Alaska. In: Alaska Geographic, Alaska Whales and Whaling, Vol. 5, No. 4, 1978, PP 45-49. Geographical area(s): BEAU, ARCT Subsistence Whaling: subsistence whaling - historic Xxxxxx, X. A review of mammalian age methods. Mammal Review determination Geographical area(s): N/S Biology: physiology, techniques Xxxxxx, X.X., and X. Xxxxxx.
Population dynamics. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration. 1984. Ocs comprehensive bibliography. Juneau, AK: NOAA, Nat. Ocean Serv., Office Oceanography & Marine Serv., Ocean Assessment Div. Geographical area(s): BEAU, BERS, GOAK Subsistence Whaling: subsistence whaling - historic Abundance & Distribution: abundance, distribution, migration Ecology: life history, habitat, feeding, behavior Commercial Whaling: historic commercial whaling Xxxxx, X. X. & X. X. Xxxxxx. 1968. Seasonal migrations of the harbor porpoise and other in the Bay of Fundy. Mammal. Geographical area(s): NATL Abundance Distribution: distribution, migration
Population dynamics. CP Outcome Strengthened national policies and international development agendas through integration of evidence-based analysis on population dynamics and their links to sustainable development, sexual and reproductive health and reproductive rights, HIV and gender equality. Disaggregated data available for policy formulation, planning and management. DHS Survey Reports Data Files SSL 2014: Census (2014); Demographic and Health Survey 2013. 2019: Demographic and Health Survey 2018 conducted. Output 8: Strengthened national capacity of the statistical system to collect produce, analyse and disseminate high-quality disaggregated population data for evidence-informed planning and monitoring. Number of national and sectoral plans that incorporate evidence-based disaggregated gender- sensitive data from 2014 census and the national demographic and health survey 2013 National and Sector plans MDA’s 2014: 0 2019: 10 Population policy enacted and action plan implemented. Sector Policy Documents MDA’s 2014: Draft Policy and Action Plan available. 2019: Policy finalized and enacted, action plan implemented. Xxxxx XXX: The CPAP Monitoring and Evaluation Calendar Year 1 (2015) Year 1 (2016) Year 1 (2017) Year 1 (2018) Year 1 (2019) M&E ACTIVITIES13 SURVEYS / STUDIES Youth Cluster Activity 1: Study on disadvantaged girls and vulnerable youth groups. Focus: Adolescents and youth Partners: UNFPA, Population Council Time: Q2-3 Activity 2: KAPB Survey on AYP SRH behaviour Focus: AYP SRH Partners: MOHS ,UNFPA, DHMTs, UNICEF, WHO, SSL Time: Q4 Activity 3: Baseline surveys on CPAP 2015-19 Indicators. Focus: Data on AYSRH and MNH. Partners: MoHS, MYES, MEST, IPS, SSL Time: Q1 Activity 3: DHS Survey Focus: Demographic & Health Data Partners: UNFPA, MOHS, EU, DFID, UNICEF, WHO & GOSL. Time: Six months (March – August). Activity 1: Assessment of health facilities providing AYF services Focus: Adolescents and youth Partners: MOHS, UNFPA, RD Time: Q3-4 Annual GPRHCS Survey Annual GPRHCS Survey 13 For each activity listed, it is suggested that the following data be included in the calendar: short name of M&E activity; fo cus vis-à-vis UNDAF/CP outcomes; agencies/partners responsible; timing. Year 1 (2015) Year 1 (2016) Year 1 (2017) Year 1 (2018) Year 1 (2019) MONITORING SYSTEMS WRH Cluster: 2nd Round Annual Survey of IRMNH Project Annual GPRHCS Survey Baseline Survey of Availability and Readiness of Integrted FP Services Activity 1. Joint monitoring and supervision of AYSRH and MNH ...
