Gaps and challenges. 17. The major challenge for Turkmenistan is to adjust its economic growth model to be more inclusive and sustainable15. Major gaps and challenges below have been identified through the lens of the five critical dimensions of sustainable development: people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnership.
Gaps and challenges. Though the literature supports FTS and details numerous positive program outcomes including fruit and vegetable intake, food and nutrition insecurity, environmental health, and racial equity, some gaps exist in evidence supporting specific pathways from FTS to these outcomes. For outcomes like obesity, academic performance, environmental health, and racial equity, literature exists around how different indirect elements of FTS may support or lead to these outcomes. Examples include supporting organic agriculture and environmental health, fruit and vegetable intake and academic performance, and potential pathways to racial equity. However, future research could examine the specific pathways between intentional FTS activities and the various public health outcomes. More specifically for racial and social equity, though the NFSN suggests potential associations between FTS activities and the advancement of equity, more robust research is needed in this area to exemplify these connections. This monitoring and evaluation plan includes outcomes, indicators, and means of verification to attempt to measure the advancement of racial equity within the scope of Georgia Organics’ work, with potential to be used by other organizations and districts hoping to evaluate their specific programs. In addition to limitations with evidence supporting specific FTS pathways to public health outcomes, some limitations also exist with the tools used to evaluate and research FTS programs. Much of the literature around FTS and nutrition behavior changes relies on self-report in surveys or food frequency questionnaires (FFQ). Relying heavily on self-report may lead to bias, though often this is the most ethical and feasible tool to understand nutrition behavior change. Other methods rely on observation from school staff, broader surveys, or interviews conducted with school administrators, and measurements of overall food waste within the cafeteria. As most farm to school programs are typically offered to the entire school or district, these tools are the best and most feasible options. A broader limitation within FTS programs are general funding restrictions within schools and early care centers that pose challenges to the adoption and expansion of farm to school. Though grants are available from different organizations and from the USDA, often budget cuts within schools, and more specifically for school lunches, make full adoption and implementation more difficult. A predominant goal...
Gaps and challenges. The major challenge for Turkmenistan is to adjust its economic growth model to be more inclusive and sustainable15. Major gaps and challenges below have been identified through the lens of the five critical dimensions of sustainable development: people, planet, prosperity, peace and partnership. People – Public investments must be prioritized, with greater focus on building a healthy, well-educated and skilled, and resilient human capital and creating productive jobs for people. The Human Development Index, a composite statistics of life expectancy, education, and income, shows that, despite the spectacular increase in GDP per capita in the last decade, improvements of health and education outcomes should be a key priority of public policy. Social protection system mainly provides cash benefits, including pensions and social allowances, and traditional norms and stereotypes that contribute to gender disparities, with limited social services at community level to address the root causes of social exclusion of vulnerable groups. Women, young people, and persons with disabilities need special support for their full employment and access to quality higher and vocational education.
Gaps and challenges. This Act doesn’t directly mention matters of green growth and circular economy yet it’s an anchor law on all matters of the environment. The challenge would be that lumping all matters of climate under one law may not be tenable especially where the environment has very many sectors and players. It is difficult to put all matter on green growth and circular economy under one law. The Act should set the pace by mentioning matters to do with green growth and circular economy. Specifically, there could be a section within this Act that points to the need for the acts in every sector such as forestry to embrace green growth. This would then lead to those sectors developing law and policies based on this recommendation. This is the main law on forestry in Kenya. It is an ACT of Parliament to give effect to Article 69 of the Constitution with regard to forest resources; to provide for the development and sustainable management, including conservation and rational utilization of all forest resources for the socioeconomic development of the country and for connected purposes. The principles of this Act shall be — Guiding Principles.
Gaps and challenges. The forestry sector should be one of the main players in green growth and circular economy. Through maintenance and utilization of forests, all activities to do with green growth and circular economy are implied. The sector do not have clear guidelines on issues such as, recovery rates and the use saw dust. The challenge however is that some of the forestry products once exit the forests are no longer under the purview of the forestry sector. Used construction wood for example is in the building and outside the control of the forestry sector.
Gaps and challenges. The plans, action plans and related instruments are thin on green growth though they have covered issues of climate change. One of the challenges with national plans is their ability to cover all sectors of the economy.
Gaps and challenges. There is no mention of green growth and circularity in the constitution of Kenya in relation to water issues. Since it is not easy to change the constitution, only policies and legislations can be formulated and legislated at a lower level in order to address this gap.
Gaps and challenges. The Water Act is not explicit on matters of green growth and circular economy yet Kenya is one the countries considered to be water deficient.
