Policy Objective. 9 To provide a safe and enjoyable community gathering event for Roseville.
Policy Objective. The policy objective is to purchase agency commercial mortgage-backed securities in the amount needed to support smooth market functioning and effective transmission of monetary policy to broader financial conditions and the economy.
Policy Objective. The purpose of this policy is to give direction to persons wanting to moor at Lady Xxxxxx Wharf
Policy Objective. The objective is to address the growth in complexity of future embedded products while reducing time and cost to market requires methods allowing for early exploration and assessment of alternative design solutions as well as efficient methods for verifying final implementations. This calls for a range of model-based validation techniques ranging from simulation, testing, model-checking, compositional techniques, refinement as well as abstract interpretation. The challenge will be in designing scalable techniques allowing for efficient and accurate analysis of performance and dependability issues with respect to the various types of (quantitative) models considered. The activity brings together the leading teams in Europe in the area of model-based validation.
Policy Objective. The activity gathers the most prominent groups in the timing analysis area. They have all previously worked together in the ARTIST2 XxX, and therefore have well established links. The theme of the activity, timing analysis of MPSoC systems, is basically a new field scientifically, and also very timely from an application perspective as MPSoC and Multicore architectures rapidly are becoming mainstream. A research effort in this area will thus establish European dominance in a field that rapidly is becoming very important. ARTIST-DESIGN also provides a close to perfect environment for this research due to the relevant competence in other activities and clusters, such as the compiler groups in the local cluster, and the MPSoC cluster.
Policy Objective. The main objective of this activity will be the provision of models of embedded platform resources and policies, and the necessary analysis for undertaking the run-time scheduling of these resources and policies. A key scientific challenge is to link this resource-centred analysis with models of the application (and their resource usage policies) and the performance profiles of the hardware platform itself. Issues of temporality, safety, reliability and security can only be effectively addressed by an integration of these various abstract views of the overall system. Seven promising approaches for providing this integration are: • the use of search techniques to investigate architectural tradeoffs, • the definition and use of virtual (unshared) resources, • the use of reservations and contracts to allocate virtual resources, • the use of coordination languages to integrate the use of different resource types, • taking advantage of parallel processing platforms, such as multicores and FPGAs, in order to satisfy timing requirements, • the application of self-adapting (feedback) resource allocation algorithms, and • the recognition of the various time scales over which resource management must occur. The nature of the scientific challenge should not be underestimated. Although very effective results for single resource (e.g. the processor) scheduling are available (and are used in industrial practice), for multiple resources there are no current applicable theories that have wide acceptability. Even for multi-processor SMP systems there is no consensus on the appropriate means of managing this resource. The impact on operating system will be taken into account via interactions with Activity 1 of this cluster. In addition the management of the network resource(s) will be address via joint work with Activity 3. The industrial domains that will directly benefit from the results of this research include consumer electronics (in particular the games industry and multimedia applications), the automotive and aerospace industries, and environmental electronics such as smart spaces.
Policy Objective. Looking at the current scenario in embedded systems we see a permanently growing role of networking, either to connect autonomous devices such as cell phones, PDAs, laptops and their peripherals, as well as to provide pervasive access to multimedia and telecommunication networks, to establish large-scale (geographical region, number of nodes) sensor networks, to support intelligence distribution in complex embedded systems, or even, at a small physical scale, to connect multiple processing cores in SoCs. Along the past decades, several network communication protocols have been developed with new capabilities. From an ever increasing throughput and support for traffic classes (including guaranteed latency and jitter), to different topologies, integration of heterogeneous segments, extensive use of wireless technologies, openness to dynamic arrival and departures of nodes, openness to larger networks (such as the Internet), etc. If, on one hand, many problems have been solved, with a significant number of successful embedded applications that rely on networking services, on the other hand new problems appeared, or some old problems persist, that still require adequate solutions. Among these, a few areas deserve a particular reference for their enormous interest, namely the support for dynamic behaviours and run-time adaptability with provision of real-time and safety guarantees, the resilience to interference, intrusion, mobility and node crashes in wireless networks, the minimization of energy consumption in the communication process, scalability to large numbers of nodes, the integration with other resources in a distributed system, particularly the processors, efficient integration with distribution middleware, support for flexible application development paradigms such as service-oriented, and efficiency in micro-scale implementations, such as NoCs, considering physical area, throughput and energy. This activity will address some of the issues referred above, within the frameworks of Networked Embedded Systems (NESs), Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) and Mobile Ad- hoc Networks (MANETs). Its main objectives are: • to analyze what kind of timeliness guarantees can be achieved across those frameworks and which mechanisms can be devised to grant such guarantees, particularly under the dynamic behaviour arising from load variations, topology changes, adaptation to the environment or other reconfigurations; • to xxxxxx the currently increasing integration leve...
Policy Objective. With growing maturity of scalable performance analysis algorithms and tools, new aspects such as the platform robustness can be included in analysis. Robustness to changes is particularly important for systems on chip since the cost of a redesign is high. At the same time robustness to faults is becoming a concern with shrinking feature sizes. In most practical cases, power consumption must be considered. There is currently no team in Europe that addresses all aspects. So integration of methods and tools will be needed to be able to (1) define meaningful robustness metrics that reflect design tradeoffs (2) assess the robustness of a design based on such metrics. This integration will extend the world leading position of Europe in the field of scalable formal performance analysis to hardware platform and MPSoC design.
Policy Objective. An embedded hardware-software system is adaptive, if it can modify its behaviour and/or architecture to changing requirements. Adaptivity is increasingly important as the complexity and autonomy of embedded systems increases. Adaptivity is required both off-line at design- time and on-line at run-time. Off-line adaptivity is required to handle changing system specifications and to support platform-based or product-family based development. On-line adaptivity is required to be able to dynamically respond to changing conditions and contexts and through this improve performance and resource utilisation. The changes can involve different types of resource requirements, changing system objectives, and changing external conditions. Adaptivity is a cross-cutting system characteristic that affects both hardware and software. At the software-level adaptivity is mainly concerned with flexible and adaptive resource scheduling, e.g., CPU time scheduling. At the hardware-level adaptivity includes both adaptation of operation modes, e.g., supply voltage and clock frequency, processor instruction sets, and dynamic management of hardware resources, e.g., processing elements and memory.
Policy Objective. Each of the ArtistDesign Thematic Clusters (WP3-WP6) is important per se for advancing the state-of-the-art in embedded system design. However, if we wish to have a strong impact on industry and society at large, the results of the thematic clusters have to be harmonized in an overall design flow that can sustain the embedded design chain from conception of the product to its implementation. The chains vary in length and players according to the industrial segment addressed: for example, the design chain in automotive electronics starts with the car maker (e.g., BMW, Daimler Chrysler, Peugeot, Fiat), goes through the Tier 1 suppliers (e.g., Contiteves, Bosch, Magneti Marelli) and connects to the Tier 2 suppliers (e.g., FreeScale, ST, Infineon, Hitachi). It often includes IP providers such as programmable cores, RTOS and software development tool providers and design service companies. In the mobile communication domain, the chain starts with the application developers (e.g., gaming and video content), includes the telecommunication operators (e.g., Telecom Italia and Telefonica), the device makers (e.g., Nokia and Ericsson), the silicon makers (e.g., TI, Qualcomm and ST) and outsourcing manufacturing companies (e.g., Flextronics). Today, there is stress in the chain as the technology advances may create opportunities to redefine the roles of the various players. In addition, the system integrators are often faced with an almost impossible task of composing their design out of parts supplied by companies whose design methods and standards are widely different and about which they have limited or no information. There is a need for an all-encompassing approach to system design that can make an entire industrial segment work as a virtual vertically integrated company. The benefits of these flows and methods are obvious as they provide shorter time to market and better quality designs but require a will of the industrial segment to work together towards this goal. In the automotive domain, Autosar is an excellent step in that direction. Other industrial segments are less cohesive in searching for a unified approach to design. In addition, society concerns such as energy, health and environment conservation, are offering new business opportunities for emerging technologies such as wireless sensor networks. The difficulty in these new opportunities resides in lack of standards and of experience with new communication concepts and, last but not least, in security...
