SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. In accordance with the present invention we have now discovered a new industrially applicable lactulose purification process which obviates all these drawbacks and enables crystalline lactulose to be obtained in a particularly simple and economical manner with a degree of purity exceeding 98% by weight and practically free of carbohydrates other than lactulose, in particular lactose and galactose, from aqueous solutions which contain it in an impure state due to the presence of carbohydrates other than lactulose, and/or alcohols. If the process of the present invention is applied to lactulose crystallized from alcoholic solutions and then redissolved in water, the crystalline lactulose finally obtained is practically free of any trace of the alcoholic solvent used and thus has a degree of purity considerably higher than that obtainable by any process previously used. The final yield of the process according to the invention varies according to the crystallization temperature, the crystallization time, the lactulose purity and the solution purity, and lies between 10 and 70%. In its preferred embodiments, the yield varies from 55 to 70% as indicated hereinafter, and is therefore considerably greater than in all previously used methods, so making this process usable more economically on an industrial scale than previous processes. The method of the present invention enables crystalline lactulose to be obtained from aqueous solutions which are impure because of the presence of carbohydrates other than lactulose and/or alcohols, and in particular from aqueous solutions having the following characteristics:
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. [0010] The present invention provides methods for decomposing compositions comprising carbon-based materials comprising subjecting the compositions to microwave radiation for a time sufficient to at least partially decompose the composition, wherein the microwave radiation comprises at least one frequency component in the range of from about 4 GHz to about 18 GHz. [0011] The present invention provides methods for decomposing compositions comprising petroleum-based materials comprising subjecting the compositions to microwave radiation for a time sufficient to at least partially decompose the composition, wherein the microwave radiation comprises at least one frequency component in the range of from about 4 GHz to about 18 GHz. [0012] The present invention further provides methods for recovery of petroleum-based materials from composites comprising those petroleum-based materials. The methods of the present invention include subjecting the composite to microwave radiation for a time sufficient to extract the petroleum-based material, wherein the microwave radiation comprises at least one frequency component in the range of from about 4 GHz to about 18 GHz. [0013] The present invention also provides for products produced by the methods of the present invention. [0014] The present invention additionally provides apparatuses for decomposing compositions comprising petroleum-based materials. The apparatuses of the present invention comprise a microwave radiation generator, wherein the generator is capable of applying microwave radiation characterized as having at least one frequency component in the range of from 4 GHz to about 18 GHz, and at least one container to collect decomposed components from the compositions. The present invention further provides apparatuses for extracting petroleum- based materials from composites comprising the petroleum-based material. These apparatuses comprise a microwave radiation generator, wherein the generator is capable of applying microwave radiation characterized as having at least one frequency component in the range of from 4 GHz to about 18 GHz, and at least one container to collect decomposed components from the composite. [0015] The general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as defined in the appended claims. Other aspects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the detailed description ...
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. In light of the aforementioned problems associated with the prior devices, it is an object of the present invention to provide an Improved Bus Seat Safety Restraint. The preferred safety restraint will comprise a padded U-shaped bar. The bar has indexed stops at 5 stowed, in-use and lower locked positions. It is an object that the bar lock and restrain the passenger when the vehicle experiences a side or front collision, or if the vehicle rolls over. It is a further object that the bar have a single, fixed pivot point. The preferred bar will further comprise a padded thigh pad that is height-adjustable to provide greater comfort to a wide variety of body shapes and sizes. It is a still further object that the restraint bar system be 10 installable on both new and existing buses and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The objects and features of the present invention, which are believed to be novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages. 5 may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, of which: Figure 1 is a side view of a pair of school bus seats, the forward of which has a preferred device of the present invention installed thereon; Figure 2 is a back view of the forward seat of Figure I depicting the restraint 10 bar in the in-use and lower locked positions; Figure 3 is a back view, similar to Figure 2, depicting the restraint bar in the stowed position; Figure 4 is a partial cutaway side view of a preferred aisle-side hinge assembly as it is attached to the front seat of Figure 1; 15 Figures 5A and 5B are partial side viewsof the aisle-side hinge assembly of Figure 4, depicting the rest and engaging positions of the weight; Figure 6 is a partial cutaway top view of the hinge assembly of Figures 4 and 5; Figure 7 is a partial cutaway bottom view of the hinge assembly of Figures 4 6; 20
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. 2. What problem is solved? This information is confidential and proprietary to CytoDyn Inc. and is not intended for public dissemination.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. In accordance with the present invention, a system for extracting bitumen from oil sands includes an extractor tank having a reaction chamber. An input port is provided at the upper end of the extractor tank for the purpose of introducing oil sand into the reaction chamber. As envisioned for the present invention, the oil sand can be either so-called “oil wet” sand, or a “water wet” sand. Further, the present invention also envisions that the oil sand includes a medium (matrix) holding the bitumen, and that the medium (matrix) may be either sand, clay, shale, coal, or any other type of insoluble solid material. A source of a liquid extractant (i.e. a solvent) is provided in the system for reaction with the oil sand in the reaction chamber. Specifically, this extractant is heated to about 60°C and it is then pumped, under high pressure, into the reaction chamber. More specifically, the extractant is injected into the reaction chamber through a plurality of jet inlets that are strategically positioned around the lower end of the extractor tank. Importantly, these jet inlets are positioned to direct extractant into the tank in order to suspend the oil sand in the extractant, as a fluidized bed inside the reaction chamber. A reaction of the extractant (i.e. solvent) with the oil sand then occurs in this fluidized bed. The result of this reaction is that an extract that contains both extractant (solvent) and bitumen, is separated from the sand. At the lower end of the extractor tank, an outflow port is provided for removing sand from the reaction chamber after the extractant and oil sand have reacted with each other. In anticipation of there being residual extractant in the sand that is removed from the reaction chamber, a vibratory centrifuge is connected to the outflow port of the extractor tank to receive the sand. The vibratory centrifuge is then used to remove residual extractant from the sand. A device employing fluidized bed technology may also be incorporated with the vibratory centrifuge for this purpose. The recovered extractant can then be returned to the source of liquid extractant for further use in the system. On the other hand, the sand can be taken from the system for commercial use. At the upper end of the extractor tank, an evaporator is connected in fluid communication with the reaction chamber. The purpose of this evaporator is actually two-fold. For one, it removes extract from the reaction chamber after there has been a reaction between th...
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. In its broadest aspect, the present invention relates to a system in which a prerecorded video signal is prekeyed to define background areas which, on playback by a user of a recording medium carrying the keyed signal on apparatus configured to recognize the prekeyed background areas, will generate a signal into which may be inserted, in those background areas, a local signal provided by the user, which need not itself be keyed. The present invention further seeks to provide a system in which a keyed video prerecording is used to provide a prerecorded signal which is combined with a user provided background signal to provide a final combined signal, the prerecording including prompt channel, which can be suppressed in the final combined signal, to assist a user and/or a user's equipment to provide a background signal compatible with the prerecorded signal. According to the invention, there is provided a system for the production of video signals, comprising a playback device for playing back prerecorded video and audio signals from a prerecorded storage medium, a source of user supplied video and audio signals, a video and audio mixer for combining the prerecorded and user supplied signal to provide combined video and audio outputs, a production monitor connected to the mixer to display to the user the mixed signals, and a storage or reproduction device receiving a mixed video signal output from the mixer, wherein the prerecorded storage medium stores, as well as a video channel and at least one audio channel, at least one prompting channel, the video signals stored on the prerecorded medium being prekeyed to indicate areas to be overlaid in the mixer by the user supplied video signals, and the mixer being operative to convert signals from the prompting channel into production control signals. Typically the production control signals include prompts displayed on the production monitor but absent from the combined video output. The invention extends to a recording medium providing multiple channels of information, including a video channel, a least one audio channel, and at least one prompting channel, the video channel being recorded with a video signal prekeyed to indicate picture areas available for overlay by a user provided video signal, and the prompting channel including data translatable into instructions for control of the user provided video signal. In order to permit production of prerecorded tapes (or discs or other media) which will perform rel...
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. The compounds of the present invention, triglycerides of phenylalkanoic acids or phenylalkenoic acids, and ethyl esters of phenylalkanoic acids or phenylalkenoic acids, provide a more convenient dosage form of drugs for treatment of nitrogen accumulation disorders, cancer, anemia and hemoglobinopathies. The compounds of the invention are oils or soft fats. Where the prior art dose for an adult would have been forty 0.5 g tables/day, the present invention provides the same amount of active compound in approximately four (4) teaspoonfuls per day. The dosage form of the present invention also decreases sodium intake in patients, which is advantageous in certain patients, and may also provide the active component of the drug, the phenylalkanoic or phenylalkenoic acid, at a more constant level. The compounds of the invention may be used for the treatment of nitrogen accumulation disorders, portal systemic encephalopathy, and diseases involving impaired hepatic function. Additionally, the use of triglycerides and/or the esters of the present invention alone or in combination with hydroxyurea and/or erythropoietin, may be used for the treatment of beta chain hemoglobinopathies. The compounds of the invention are suitable for the treatment for various leukemias and solid tumors. The compounds of the invention can be produced by standard esterification procedures. Additionally, many of the compounds of the invention are commercially available. *** INDICATES MATERIAL THAT WAS OMITTED AND FOR WHICH CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT WAS REQUESTED. ALL SUCH OMITTED MATERIAL WAS FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION PURSUANT TO RULE 406 PROMULGATED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED. Description of the Preferred Embodiments The present invention utilizes compounds of the formula: wherein R1, R2, and R3 are independently, H, is zero or an even number, m is an even number and at least one of R1, R2, and R3 is not H. The most preferred compounds are those wherein none of R1, R2 and R3 is H. The advantage over the prior art of decreased dosage is greater with such triglycerides. The present invention also utilizes ethyl esters of the formula II and n is zero or an even number, and m is an even number. The compounds of the invention include compounds with substituents of even numbered congeners of phenylalkanoic and phenylalkenoic acids. Preferably the substituents contain 24 or fewer carbon atoms. Most preferably, n and m are 0, 2, 4 or 6. The compound...
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. The present invention is directed to a stabilized KLH composition in which (i) its intact non-degraded subunit is approximately 400,000 in molecular weight based on SDS-PAGE analysis; and (ii) are contained at least about 50% didecameric or higher KLH multimers, based on sedimentation-equilibrium and/or sedimentation-velocity ultracentrifugation analyses. The KLH composition is stabilized at 4 degrees C. by dissolving and storing it in an isotonic buffer containing calcium and magnesium. It is critical that the KLH not have been frozen or lyophilized during its preparation or storage, as such treatment reduces its anti-tumor activity, presumably by altering the size distribution of KLH multimers. The KLH composition demonstrates enhanced immunogenic activity, particularly enhanced anti-tumor activity, which is reduced if the KLH is frozen or lyophilized. The KLH composition of the present invention exhibit enhanced anti-tumor activity in a murine bladder tumor model and thereby represents a new and useful anti-tumor immunotherapeutic agent.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. [0004] The invention relates to a refuelable metal-air battery that may include the following: an electrolyte reaction tank comprising an aqueous solution of a salt; an anode comprising a metal in contact with the aqueous solution of the salt; an oxygen cathode in contact with the aqueous solution of the salt; and an oxygen supply device, fluidly coupled to the atmosphere and to the oxygen cathode. The anode may be refueled with fresh metal. The salt may be, for example, sodium chloride, and the metal may be, for example, magnesium.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. The present invention is directed to a method for recovering and separating precious and non-precious metals from hazardous and non-hazardous industrial waste streams. The method of the present invention removes, separates, and recovers such metals in a cost effective manner with more than 95% removal from waste streams and with minimal amounts of unprocessed solids and sludge remaining in the environment. The method of the present invention for separating and recovering precious and non-precious metals from industrial waste stream generally comprises: adjusting the pH of an industrial waste stream containing the precious and non-precious metals to be recovered; adding a metal complexing agent to said waste stream to form metal ions of the metals to be recovered; adding a particle growth enhancer to promote the aggregation of said metal ions; adding a flocculating agent to increase the particle size of said metal ions and form a solution thereof; dewatering said solution to form a sludge and a supernatant; dewatering and drying said sludge to form an ionic metal concentrate; and, melting said concentrate to selectively remove and recover a desired metal therefrom.
