SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. In accordance with the present invention we have now discovered a new industrially applicable lactulose purification process which obviates all these drawbacks and enables crystalline lactulose to be obtained in a particularly simple and economical manner with a degree of purity exceeding 98% by weight and practically free of carbohydrates other than lactulose, in particular lactose and galactose, from aqueous solutions which contain it in an impure state due to the presence of carbohydrates other than lactulose, and/or alcohols. If the process of the present invention is applied to lactulose crystallized from alcoholic solutions and then redissolved in water, the crystalline lactulose finally obtained is practically free of any trace of the alcoholic solvent used and thus has a degree of purity considerably higher than that obtainable by any process previously used. The final yield of the process according to the invention varies according to the crystallization temperature, the crystallization time, the lactulose purity and the solution purity, and lies between 10 and 70%. In its preferred embodiments, the yield varies from 55 to 70% as indicated hereinafter, and is therefore considerably greater than in all previously used methods, so making this process usable more economically on an industrial scale than previous processes. The method of the present invention enables crystalline lactulose to be obtained from aqueous solutions which are impure because of the presence of carbohydrates other than lactulose and/or alcohols, and in particular from aqueous solutions having the following characteristics:
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. [0010] The present invention provides methods for decomposing compositions comprising carbon-based materials comprising subjecting the compositions to microwave radiation for a time sufficient to at least partially decompose the composition, wherein the microwave radiation comprises at least one frequency component in the range of from about 4 GHz to about 18 GHz. [0011] The present invention provides methods for decomposing compositions comprising petroleum-based materials comprising subjecting the compositions to microwave radiation for a time sufficient to at least partially decompose the composition, wherein the microwave radiation comprises at least one frequency component in the range of from about 4 GHz to about 18 GHz. [0012] The present invention further provides methods for recovery of petroleum-based materials from composites comprising those petroleum-based materials. The methods of the present invention include subjecting the composite to microwave radiation for a time sufficient to extract the petroleum-based material, wherein the microwave radiation comprises at least one frequency component in the range of from about 4 GHz to about 18 GHz. [0013] The present invention also provides for products produced by the methods of the present invention. [0014] The present invention additionally provides apparatuses for decomposing compositions comprising petroleum-based materials. The apparatuses of the present invention comprise a microwave radiation generator, wherein the generator is capable of applying microwave radiation characterized as having at least one frequency component in the range of from 4 GHz to about 18 GHz, and at least one container to collect decomposed components from the compositions. The present invention further provides apparatuses for extracting petroleum- based materials from composites comprising the petroleum-based material. These apparatuses comprise a microwave radiation generator, wherein the generator is capable of applying microwave radiation characterized as having at least one frequency component in the range of from 4 GHz to about 18 GHz, and at least one container to collect decomposed components from the composite. [0015] The general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory only and are not restrictive of the invention, as defined in the appended claims. Other aspects of the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art in view of the detailed description ...
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. The laser imaging system of the present invention eliminates the need for mechanical translation stages for targets. The system is capable of scanning targets of any size without gross stage movement subject only to the limitations of available data processing and storage capabilities. The imaging provided by the present invention is based not only upon optical density and forward light loss (FLL) densitometry, but light scatter and fluorescence emission as well. The scanning system can also be programmed to scan for rare event detection and tracking, (i.e., the following of a neutron path in a target). The system will provide image capture of an entire target within 10 to 60 seconds and controls the scan of the laser beam in both pattern and speed. The beam spot may be repositioned to any one of 16 million locations on a target within an accuracy of + / - 0.5 um. Finally, the imaging system of the present invention utilizes a novel optical fiber based detector assembly having NA values of 0.58-0.95 and filters having less than 15% loss at emission wavelengths. Thus, the imaging system of the present invention can capture from 14% to 32% of total fluorescence emission. The imaging system is easily adaptable to undertake a large variety of imaging applications. The system will perform Clonogenic Assays and cDNA and genomic DNA imaging. The system will perform multiwell plate assays such as a fluorescence assay from any immobilized immunofluorescence assay system. Another application is the imaging of submicron particles based on scatter characteristics. Other applications include the discrimination of plane polarized fluorescence emissions and qualitative and quantitative imaging of those emissions. The imaging system of the present invention will perform neuroautoradiographs yielding quantitative digital images in neutral density or digital color. Yet another application is the migration inhibition assay using multiwell plates for bone marrow transplantation testing. The imaging system of the present invention will perform 3D Interferometry Surface Profiling for 71 non-contact micro-surface quantitative analysis. Another application for the imaging system is the measurement of scatter or density for a cytochemistry analysis of large sample screening. The imaging system of the present invention performs opaque gel scanning as well as transparent or semitransparent (i.e., translucent) gel scanning. Scanning densitometry is used to quantitate typical transluc...
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. The present invention relates a method and apparatus capable of rapid wide-field scanning of low-level laser induced fluorescence of tissue sections, cell cultures, and other biological materials, while maintaining high spatial resolution. The method and apparatus of the present invention measures off-axis fluorescence. The fluorescence measurements permits full digitalization of images with 16 bit precision for 2-4 x 10<6> pixels. The target area scanned are greater than 25 cm<2> with a resolution of 5-10 mu m and the scanning time is between 1 and 6 seconds dependent upon computer processing and storage limitations. The SCAC methodology, provides for the acquisition of information from a large number of individual cells as does flow cytofluorometry. However, in addition to individual cell responses, the present invention will provide highly accurate information regarding the spatial distribution of those cells within the total population. This is of particular importance in the areas of tumor biology, pathology and early detection of abnormal cells in tissues and organs. The SCAC design of the present invention provides for analysis of large cell numbers in vitro with high spatial precision. The apparatus of the present invention incorporates an optical fiber taper for high efficiency light gathering and transmission to a highly sensitive 130 detector. The properties of the fibers can be exploited to shift the detector offaxis. This apparatus of the present invention makes use of two fiber properties: tapered fiber transmission and biased cut deflection. Further, extra-mural absorption material are added to provide further attenuation of off-axis incident laser light. The method and apparatus of the present invention will be further understood by the following description of the preferred embodiment with reference to the following figures. DRWDESC:
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. This invention is directed to a system and method of hybrid communication which provides data communication including, but not limited to, voice, video and/or alphanumeric messaging, either over the computerized network, such as the Intemet, using an appropriate access facility, such as a personal computer, or altematively by means ofan over-the-alr network such as, but not limited to, a cellular/paging· network satellite communication and other applicable types ofcommunication networks. The wireless communication device, as set forth above, may include a pager, cellular telephone, personal digital assistant (FDA) or other applicable wireless communication devices structured and designed to perform data communication. The system and method of the present invention incolporates a transceiver assembly operative on a recognized-spreadspectrumstandardcapable ofshortrangecommunicationsuchas "BJuetoothtechnology". As is recognized in the communication field, Bluetooth technology incolporates 2.4 GHz wireless data htto://Xxxxx.xxxxx.xxx/xxxxxxXxxx-Xxxxxx0Xxxxx=XXX0&Xxxx0=XXXXXX&x=XXXX&x=0&x=/x... 11/14/2005 United States Patent: 6,680,9L.~ Page g oTU solution utilizing spread spectrum techniques as set forth in detail above. However, as utilized hereinafter the term "transceiver assembly" refers to any type ofshort range technology operable in the fashion of "Bluetooth technology" but not limited thereto. More specifically, the hybrid communication system and method of the present invention comprises the utilizationofoneormore wirelesscommunicationdevices, ofthetypesetforthabove, eachhavinga transceiver conneCted thereto and operable on a short range radio frequency (RF), wherein each of the plurality ofwireless corrnuunication devices include a unique identifier or code capable ofbeing recognized bY.linother compatibletransceiver, whichalso defines apart oftheaforementionedtransceiverassembly. More specifically, a first transceiver designed to function in accordance with Bluetooth or equivalent technology, is connected to an Internet access facility such as, but not limited to, a computer facility or PC. A second transceiver is connected to the wireless communication device. Obviously, the system and method of thepresentinventioncontemplstestheprovision ofaplurality ofnetworkaccessfacilities orcomputersand a plurality ofwireless communication devices, wherein, for purposes ofclarity, each ofthe aforementioned pluralityofcomputersmay beconnectedtoafirst transceiv...
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. The present invention is directed to a method for recovering and separating precious and non-precious metals from hazardous and non-hazardous industrial waste streams. The method of the present invention removes, separates, and recovers such metals in a cost effective manner with more than 95% removal from waste streams and with minimal amounts of unprocessed solids and sludge remaining in the environment. The method of the present invention for separating and recovering precious and non-precious metals from industrial waste stream generally comprises: adjusting the pH of an industrial waste stream containing the precious and non-precious metals to be recovered; adding a metal complexing agent to said waste stream to form metal ions of the metals to be recovered; adding a particle growth enhancer to promote the aggregation of said metal ions; adding a flocculating agent to increase the particle size of said metal ions and form a solution thereof; dewatering said solution to form a sludge and a supernatant; dewatering and drying said sludge to form an ionic metal concentrate; and, melting said concentrate to selectively remove and recover a desired metal therefrom.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. The compounds of the present invention, triglycerides of phenylalkanoic acids or phenylalkenoic acids, and ethyl esters of phenylalkanoic acids or phenylalkenoic acids, provide a more convenient dosage form of drugs for treatment of nitrogen accumulation disorders, cancer, anemia and hemoglobinopathies. The compounds of the invention are oils or soft fats. Where the prior art dose for an adult would have been forty 0.5 g tables/day, the present invention provides the same amount of active compound in approximately four (4) teaspoonfuls per day. The dosage form of the present invention also decreases sodium intake in patients, which is advantageous in certain patients, and may also provide the active component of the drug, the phenylalkanoic or phenylalkenoic acid, at a more constant level. The compounds of the invention may be used for the treatment of nitrogen accumulation disorders, portal systemic encephalopathy, and diseases involving impaired hepatic function. Additionally, the use of triglycerides and/or the esters of the present invention alone or in combination with hydroxyurea and/or erythropoietin, may be used for the treatment of beta chain hemoglobinopathies. The compounds of the invention are suitable for the treatment for various leukemias and solid tumors. The compounds of the invention can be produced by standard esterification procedures. Additionally, many of the compounds of the invention are commercially available. *** INDICATES MATERIAL THAT WAS OMITTED AND FOR WHICH CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT WAS REQUESTED. ALL SUCH OMITTED MATERIAL WAS FILED SEPARATELY WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION PURSUANT TO RULE 406 PROMULGATED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, AS AMENDED. The present invention utilizes compounds of the formula: The present invention also utilizes ethyl esters of the formula II and n is zero or an even number, and m is an even number. The compounds of the invention include compounds with substituents of even numbered congeners of phenylalkanoic and phenylalkenoic acids. Preferably the substituents contain 24 or fewer carbon atoms. Most preferably, n and m are 0, 2, 4 or 6. The compounds of the present invention can be used separately or in the form of mixtures. The amount of the compounds of the present invention which is administered to patients for the present purposes can vary *** INDICATES MATERIAL THAT WAS OMITTED AND FOR WHICH CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT WAS REQUESTED. ALL SUCH OMITTED MATERIAL WAS FILED SEPARATELY WITH...
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. In light of the aforementioned problems associated with the prior devices, it is an object of the present invention to provide an Improved Bus Seat Safety Restraint. The preferred safety restraint will comprise a padded U-shaped bar. The bar has indexed stops at 5 stowed, in-use and lower locked positions. It is an object that the bar lock and restrain the passenger when the vehicle experiences a side or front collision, or if the vehicle rolls over. It is a further object that the bar have a single, fixed pivot point. The preferred bar will further comprise a padded thigh pad that is height-adjustable to provide greater comfort to a wide variety of body shapes and sizes. It is a still further object that the restraint bar system be 10 installable on both new and existing buses and the like. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The objects and features of the present invention, which are believed to be novel, are set forth with particularity in the appended claims. The present invention, both as to its organization and manner of operation, together with further objects and advantages. 5 may best be understood by reference to the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, of which: Figure 1 is a side view of a pair of school bus seats, the forward of which has a preferred device of the present invention installed thereon; Figure 2 is a back view of the forward seat of Figure I depicting the restraint 10 bar in the in-use and lower locked positions; Figure 3 is a back view, similar to Figure 2, depicting the restraint bar in the stowed position; Figure 4 is a partial cutaway side view of a preferred aisle-side hinge assembly as it is attached to the front seat of Figure 1; 15 Figures 5A and 5B are partial side viewsof the aisle-side hinge assembly of Figure 4, depicting the rest and engaging positions of the weight; Figure 6 is a partial cutaway top view of the hinge assembly of Figures 4 and 5; Figure 7 is a partial cutaway bottom view of the hinge assembly of Figures 4 6; 20
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. [0004] The invention relates to a refuelable metal-air battery that may include the following: an electrolyte reaction tank comprising an aqueous solution of a salt; an anode comprising a metal in contact with the aqueous solution of the salt; an oxygen cathode in contact with the aqueous solution of the salt; and an oxygen supply device, fluidly coupled to the atmosphere and to the oxygen cathode. The anode may be refueled with fresh metal. The salt may be, for example, sodium chloride, and the metal may be, for example, magnesium.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION. The present invention is directed to a stabilized KLH composition in which (i) its intact non-degraded subunit is approximately 400,000 in molecular weight based on SDS-PAGE analysis; and (ii) are contained at least about 50% didecameric or higher KLH multimers, based on sedimentation-equilibrium and/or sedimentation-velocity ultracentrifugation analyses. The KLH composition is stabilized at 4 degrees C. by dissolving and storing it in an isotonic buffer containing calcium and magnesium. It is critical that the KLH not have been frozen or lyophilized during its preparation or storage, as such treatment reduces its anti-tumor activity, presumably by altering the size distribution of KLH multimers. The KLH composition demonstrates enhanced immunogenic activity, particularly enhanced anti-tumor activity, which is reduced if the KLH is frozen or lyophilized. The KLH composition of the present invention exhibit enhanced anti-tumor activity in a murine bladder tumor model and thereby represents a new and useful anti-tumor immunotherapeutic agent.
