Participant observation Sample Clauses

Participant observation. I conducted approximately 94 hours and 45 minutes of participant observation at Hoshūkō: in the library, in classrooms, in the hall, in the playground, and on the field. Participant observation meant that I was the main research instrument (Xxxxx, 2004). This is because I had to gain access into Hoshūkō prior to my research, I had to establish relations with the adults and young people, help in the library, observe the classes, conduct the interviews, write field notes and write up the research. I chose to use participant observations for the following reasons. First of all, I felt that it helped me to investigate the taken-for-granted practices of life in Hoshūkō and to experience these practices from a different perspective from that of a pupil or of a teacher (Xxxxxxxxx, 2009). In other words, participant observation allowed me to gain detailed insights into the mundane, every day practices occurring inside Hoshūkō rather than focusing on spectacular events (Xxxxxxxxx, 2009; Xxxxxx, 2006). Participant observation also allowed me to observe details which the young people may not have considered relevant enough to mention in conversational interviews (Xxxxxxxxx, 2009). Moreover, it allowed me to observe what the young people actually did at Hoshūkō rather than relying solely on what they said they did (Xxxxxxxxx, 2009; Xxxxx et al., 2000). However, I was aware that I was just one of the social actors in the scenes I was researching.
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Participant observation. Participant observation was used as part of the methodology of data collection (Xxxxxxxxx et al. 2018), alongside the review of documents, surveys, and interviews. As an unobtrusive method in qualitative studies, participant observation permits the researcher to observe activities in a specific research setting while the researcher attempts to determine what is going on (Xxxxxxx 2006; Xxxxxxxxx 1989). For the present research, participant observation consisted of interactions with rural communities in the scope of the Nexus 1492 excavations and related activities in the northwest of the country between July of 2013 to October 2019. The observation provided an opportunity to better understand and capture the details of interactions between local community members, project researchers, and community heritage administrators in a natural setting. This form of observation was considered more appropriate within the local communities near the excavation projects. Long-term interactions in the local community allowed for participation in activities to not be perceived as a forced integration. Observations carried out within the project’s geographical context were not disruptive as it was more feasible than to survey people or ask for their opinions in structured ways. This afforded a chance to learn about the interest of local community members near the archaeological sites within the Nexus 1492 project and their willingness to be more actively involved with local Indigenous heritage and its preservation. Observation and informal conversation during activities with the local community yielded field notes for thematic analysis and interpretation. Participant observation was possible throughout the study by taking advantage of the Nexus 1492 project activities that were organized with the local community in different geographical sections and neighborhoods within the municipalities of Laguna Salada and Xxxxx de Guayacanes, located in Xxxxxxxx Province. As a local researcher, participant observation was a more viable long-term data collection strategy that permitted witnessing the interaction of local community groups related to the research topic. In this role, the researcher was an outsider who participated in some aspects of the lives of local community members in the areas where the research took place. Notes recording and photographing was done as much as possible. In many cases, participation also helped to become involved in the organization and coordination o...
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Participant observation. This will involve spending time with gang members, observing their activities, and gathering information based on informal conversations. The researcher(s) will gather interactional data, i.e., data concerning the exchange of values, behavior, verbal exchanges and exchanges of other material means between members in the group and between groups, as well as group and group member interactions with key neighborhood/community institutions (police, family, schools, service providers, etc.). Keep detailed fieldnotes from each observational session, including a detailed description of the scene, events, and conversations.
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Participant observation. 72 2.4.1.1 Different stances in participant observation 72
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Participant observation. Participant observation was conducted at several events, in various locations, organised by UK Feminista and the networks and organisations (national and local) with which they are linked to gain an in-depth understanding of their vision, ideology and practice and of the relation between organisations and activists. Advance information about events was accessed through local and national media and through the feminist contacts built up. In total, the researchers observed and participated in 26 events/meetings (see Appendix 3). At each event detailed field notes were taken to supplement the interview data and provide information on the event’s atmosphere and dynamics. These were recorded in fieldwork diaries. A number of UK Feminista training and support events were attended including two of their annual summer schools in 2012 and 2013, a lobby of parliament, a meeting at the House of Commons in support of the Lose the Lads’ Mags campaign (Plate 13) and a local workshop on why feminism mattered and how to start a campaign. The annual summer school which runs over two full days comprises training workshops (Plate 2), stalls (Plate 3) intellectual discussion, debates, panel meetings with successful activists and entertainment. The summer schools attract hundreds of accomplished and novice activists from all over Britain and rapidly sold-out in 2013. The lobby of parliament lasted a day and was composed of a morning session on how to lobby MPs, a short rally and march to the Houses of Parliament (Plate 4) and culminated in a lobby of MPs by activists. In addition to UK Feminista events, the researchers attended workshops, street protests (Plate 5), marches and socials organised by collaborating organisations such as War on Want women, Million Women Rise (Plate 6, Plate 7), Rise for Justice (Plate 8) and Women’s Networking Hub Birmingham. Three school feminist society meetings were attended and eight fortnightly meetings of a local grassroots feminist group selected because of the group’s longstanding links with UK Feminista. Finally the researchers attended a number of one-off events including a day conference at the British Library on intergenerational histories of second wave feminism and a debate at the University of Warwick on ‘No More Page 3’.
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Participant observation. ‌ As has been detailed in the previous sections of the methodology chapter, ethnographers have the goal to find out ‘what is happening here in the field site(s) I have chosen?’ (Heath and Street, 2008:31). In order to understand how the Xxxxxxx Youth experienced their ethnic identifications in the multi-ethnic space of London through an ethnographic look, I decided to adopt a participant observer role by ‘being- in-the-world’ of these adolescents (Xxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxxxx, 1994:249). The engaging first hand involvement of the ethnographer in the field positions him/her as a participant observer, extending beyond watching ‘behind the glass’ to locating the researcher, straightforwardly, in the research setting as a participant (Xxxxxxxxx, 2010:13). For, the ethnographer seeks ‘a deeper immersion in others’ worlds in order
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Participant observation. How do practitioners of these traditions define and understand literacy within the context of these traditions? a) Participants b) Xxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxxx’x record of Xxxxx Xxxxxx’x prescriptions for her clients c) Xxxxx Xxxx Avant Collection d) Rituals/Ceremonies/ Events a) Semi-structured interviews b) Content analysis; close reading; historical method c) Content analysis; close reading; historical method d) Participant Observation
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Participant observation. In addition to the study methods mentioned above, the first author also was involved in monitoring and evaluation of integrated family planning through her work as the Monitoring and Evaluation/Research Specialist at the AgirPF project. Part of this work included speaking with health care workers and health facility directors about data collection related to the AgirPF- supported services. This experience provided a greater understanding of the current reporting systems as well as its strengths and weaknesses.
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Participant observation. Participant observation techniques are commonly used in ethnographic research and involve the researcher being part of their participants’ activities to a greater or lesser extent (Xxxxxx, 1984). Participant observations can range from the researcher as an unobtrusive ‘outsider’ to the researcher as an accepted ‘insider’ (Xxxxxxxx, 1998; Tonkin, 1984). Participant observation was used in two ways in this research project; as an on-going process throughout the data collection and as a form of accompanied visit, discussed in more detail in section 3.6.4. Throughout the participant recruitment and data collection period of this study participant observation was carried out with all four groups, resulting in approximately 65,000 words of field notes. It formed the cornerstone of getting to know participants, enabling them to get to know me, obtaining access and learning about the community groups and their members in a naturalistic setting (X. Xxxxx, Xxxxxx, & Xxxxxxxx, 2011). As such, the participant observation element of this project was the basis from which the other data collection methods were carried out. Participant observation took place at events to which I was invited, typically at weekends or during evenings, once or twice a month, and field notes were written up on the day of participation, resulting in field notes spanning the year of data collection, 2010. As Xxxxxxxxxx and Xxxxxxxx (1997, p. 185) have argued, “field notes cannot possibly provide a comprehensive record of the research setting”. What the field notes from this project do provide, however, is an account of community group activities, group members and their on-going discussions. As a result, the field notes informed the analytic themes developed from the other research methods and provided valuable context.
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Related to Participant observation

  • Formal Observation The instructional employee and the principal/administrator shall review using the mid-year Reflection Questions in the evaluation manual – Student Achievement Outcomes and make adjustments as needed to increase the likelihood of a positive goal outcome.

  • Informal Observation Additional evaluation of employees may occur through informal observations by the Employer. It may not be necessary to reduce such evaluations to writing, and a verbal discussion between the Employer and the employee concerning the informal observations may suffice. If a written evaluation is deemed necessary, Procedures C and D as outlined above shall be followed.

  • Pre-Observation Conference The pre-observation conference shall be held prior to the first formal observation. The teacher and evaluator will mutually agree when to conference. The purpose of the pre- observation conference is to discuss the employee’s goals, establish a date for the formal observation, and to discuss such matters as the professional activities to be observed, their content, objectives, strategies, and possible observable evidence to meet the scoring criteria.

  • Participant Information My address is: My Social Security Number is:

  • Post-Observation Conference 1. The post- observation conference between the evaluator and teacher will be held no later than ten (10) days after the formal observation. 2. The purpose of the post-observation conference is to review the evaluator’s and teacher’s evidence related to the scoring criteria during the observation, and to discuss the teacher’s performance. 3. If there is an area of concern, the evaluator will identify specific concerns for the applicable criteria and provide possible solutions to remedy the concern in writing.

  • Formal Observations At least two (2) formal observations per year are required for ancillary staff members in Track I, at least sixty (60) days apart. In the case of a first-year or second-year Track I ancillary staff employee, at least one (1) observation shall be made prior to the ancillary staff employee’s mid- year progress report. Annual evaluations shall include in-room observations of all aspects of the ancillary staff employee’s instructional practice. Observations shall be conducted by the ancillary staff employee’s supervisor. An observation shall be at least one (1) complete lesson, based on the lesson plans provided by the ancillary staff employee. Observations shall be scheduled at least five (5) work days in advance for a three-day window in which the observation would take place. If an observation needs to be rescheduled, the ancillary staff employee shall be notified of the date of the rescheduled observation no later than one (1) day prior to the end of the week in which the observation should have taken place, so as to accommodate lesson planning. A pre-observation conference shall be held to review the ancillary staff employee’s IDP and those areas which might be observed. All monitoring or observation of the work of the teacher shall be conducted openly and with the knowledge of the ancillary staff employee. The parties agree that during an observation every effort will be made to maintain the normal teaching-learning process. An observation shall include assessment of the ancillary staff employee’s skill and ability in the observed domains of the “Framework for Professional Practice”. A post-observation conference shall be held within five (5) work days of the observation unless the ancillary staff employee agrees in writing to extend the time to conduct the conference, not to exceed thirty (30) days. In the event the meeting does not occur as a result of administrator unavailability within thirty-five (35) days of the observation, negative comments or concerns shall be excluded from the observation. The ancillary staff employee teacher shall bring a completed Post-Observation Reflection Form to this conference, and the administrator shall bring the completed Classroom Observation Form. The ancillary staff employee teacher and the administrator shall each retain copies of both forms. As a result of this post-observation conference, identified areas of concern, together with suggested ways in which the ancillary staff employee is to improve, and identification of assistance to be given, may be addressed in the teacher’s IDP.

  • Observation The Town shall have the right to make reasonable engineering observations at the Developer's expense, as the Town may request. Observation, acquiescence in, or approval by any engineering inspector of the construction of physical facilities at any particular time shall not constitute the approval by the Town of any portion of the construction of such Public Improvements. Such approval shall be made by the Town only after completion of construction and in the manner hereinafter set forth.

  • Board Observation Rights (a) The Borrower shall permit one (1) person representing the Lender (the “Observer”) to attend and observe (but not vote) at all meetings of the Borrower’s (or its Subsidiaries, as applicable) board of directors and any committee thereof, whether in person, by telephone or otherwise. The Borrower shall notify the Observer in writing at least five (5) Business Days in advance of (i) the date and time for each general or special meeting of its board of directors or any committee thereof and (ii) the adoption of any resolutions or actions by written consent (describing, in reasonable detail, the nature and substance of such action). The general meetings shall take place on no less than a quarterly basis. The Borrower shall concurrently deliver to the Observer all notices and any materials delivered to the board of directors or any committees thereof in connection with a board meeting or action to be taken by written consent, including a draft of any material resolutions or actions proposed to be adopted by written consent. The Observer shall be free prior to such meeting or adoption by consent to contact the board of directors and discuss the pending actions to be taken. (b) The Borrower (or its Subsidiaries, as applicable) shall pay the Observer’s reasonable out-of-pocket expenses (including the cost of travel, meals and lodging) in connection with the attendance of such meetings. (c) If an issue is to be discussed or otherwise arises at any meeting of the board of directors of the Borrower or committee thereof which, in the reasonable good faith judgment of the board of directors, is not appropriate to be discussed in the presence of the Observer in order to avoid a conflict of interest on the part of such Observer or would result in disclosure of trade secrets or to preserve an attorney-client privilege, then such issue may be discussed without the Observer being present and any materials delivered to the board of directors pertaining to such issue need not be delivered to the Observer, so long as the Observer is given notice of the occurrence of such judgment by the board of directors, that the Observer is being excused, and that certain materials will not be delivered to the Observer. (d) The rights described in this Section 7.14 shall terminate and be of no further force or effect upon the assignment or transfer of the Lender’s rights and obligations hereunder or under any other Loan Document.

  • Informal Observations A. An informal observation is an observation that is not required to be pre-scheduled. B. An evaluator may conduct any number of informal observations. C. Observations do not have to be in the classroom. For example, department or collegial meetings may be used for informal observations. D. Informal observations may serve as an opportunity for formative feedback. If there are concerns regarding the teacher’s/educator’s level of performance based upon informal observations, the evaluator will document the concern and schedule a time to discuss with the employee.

  • Participant Obligations In partial consideration for the award of these PSUs, if at any time during the period between the Grant Date and the 12-month period following the Participant’s termination of Employment (the “Obligation Period”), the Participant: (i) directly or indirectly, hires or solicits or arranges for the hiring or solicitation of any employee of the Company or its Affiliates, or encourages any employee to leave the Company or an Affiliate; (ii) directly or indirectly, assist in soliciting in competition with the Company the business of any current customer, distributor or dealer or other sales or distribution channel partners of the Company; (iii) uses, discloses, misappropriates or transfers confidential or proprietary information concerning the Company or its Affiliates (except as required by the Participant’s work responsibilities with the Company or its Affiliates); or (iv) engages in any activity in violation of Company policies, including the Company’s Code of Conduct, or engages in conduct materially adverse to the best interests of the Company or its Affiliates; the PSUs, whether previously vested or not, may be cancelled in full, and the Participant may be required to return to the Company any shares received on settlement of vested PSUs or the net after-tax income from any disposition of any shares received upon settlement of vested PSUs, unless the Committee, in its sole discretion, elects not to cancel the PSUs and/or elects not to recover any income from settled and vested PSUs or unless applicable law prohibits such action. The obligations in this subsection are in addition to any other agreements related to non-solicitation and preservation of Company confidential and proprietary information entered into between the Participant and the Company, or otherwise applicable to the Participant, and nothing in this Agreement is intended to waive, modify, alter or amend the terms of any such other agreement. THE PARTICIPANT UNDERSTANDS THAT THIS SUBSECTION IS NOT INTENDED TO AND DOES NOT PROHIBIT THE CONDUCT DESCRIBED, BUT PROVIDES FOR THE CANCELLATION OF THE AWARD IN FULL AND A RETURN TO THE COMPANY OF ANY SHARES RECEIVED ON SETTLEMENT OF VESTED PSUS OR THE NET AFTER-TAX INCOME FROM THE DISPOSITION OF ANY SHARES RECEIVED UPON SETTLEMENT OF VESTED PSUS IF THE PARTICIPANT SHOULD CHOOSE TO VIOLATE THIS PARAGRAPH DURING THE OBLIGATION PERIOD. Nothing in this Agreement prohibits the Participant from voluntarily communicating, without notice to or approval by the Company, with any federal government agency about a potential violation of a federal law or regulation.

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