Summary of Study. The Formulary Agent(s) to be provided:
Summary of Study. The study is an evaluation of a surveillance project, with emphasis being placed on the IDU component of the surveillance project. A mixed methods approach was used to collect and analyze the data. Data was collected via the use of key informant interviews and an electronic survey. Key informant interviews were conducted face-to-face and recorded while the electronic survey was sent via mass email to the staff of local HIV/AIDS organizations. Results show that there are issues with representativeness, cost, and dissemination of data. The implementation of strategies mentioned from GHBS staff during key informant interviews may help to resolve some of the issues with representativeness, cost, and dissemination of data.
Summary of Study. Education remains a central component of any Nation’s developmental engine to harness its gains, education system need to be; clearly defined, legislatively protected from any political selfish dictates, owned by relevant stakeholders, adequately financed and constantly subjected to periodic technical consultation and reviews to meet the dynamic trends of ever changing world. The education system in Kenya is anchored in the constitution of Kenya 2010 which elaborate the provisions that touch on matters of education. The Fourth schedule, Part 1 and 2 allocate functions in management of education between National and County Governments. The research study sought to examine the cooperation between the two levels of Governments in the provision of ECDE, a case study of Nairobi County education sector. The key study research area that were sought were; examination of cooperative legal framework between the County and National government in provision of ECDE in Nairobi City County. Secondly establishment whether or not there exists cooperation between the two levels of governments in management of human resource in provision of ECDE in Nairobi City County. Thirdly sought to examine whether or not there exists cooperation mechanism between the two levels of government in ECDE infrastructure development and management. Finally examination of financial resource allocation between the two levels of government in provision of ECDE in Nairobi City County. The question perhaps that could be in the mind of many in regard to the study was, why a research study in cooperation between the two levels of governments in provision of ECDE? The reason is found first in devolution process in Kenya through the promulgation of the constitution of Kenya 2010 which made Government to exist at two levels. And the Fourth schedule, part 2 has the function of pre-primary education as a County government responsibility and that being the case, the Early Childhood Development Education (ECDE) globally and Kenya in particular had been recognized as a crucial programme that lays a foundation for a child’s holistic and integrated education that meets the cognitive, social, spiritual, emotional, physical and developmental needs, this therefore generates interest considering the important role it plays in the cycle of learning as an entry point and foundation, thereby drawing attention on how it is managed in these era of devolution. The finding of the study showed that the majority of the res...
Summary of Study. The overall aim of this study is to examine mothers’ expectations for elementary schools in Volusia County regarding gun safety and their perceptions of the new changes in school safety amongst the elementary schools in Volusia County. Through interviews with mothers, this study will fill the gap in literature by focusing on the perceptions of mothers of elementary school students from Central Florida. The intended purpose is to inform Volusia County schools of current parent perceptions of gun violence prevention programs and to provide Volusia County schools with recommendations to improve upon current gun violence prevention measures and improve diffusion of effective innovations. Gun violence prevention measures were defined in this study as any measure, initiative, program, or policy which purpose is to prevent and/or protect against an active shooter.
Summary of Study. Missing data in epidemiologic studies may impact the results of multivariate models. Depending on the pattern and amount of missing data, missing data can influence the conclusions of studies, especially those that use multivariate models. In most statistical software, multivariate models remove cases from analysis when missing data is present. This reduces the sample size and may lead to biased results. In situations where this is highly probable, an investigation of the impact of missing data will need to be performed. Most studies do not evaluate the impact of missing data. A study published by Fielding, et al.58 reported that 59% (36 out of 61 randomly selected studies) of studies with missing data published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, BMJ, and Lancet from 2005 to 2006 did not account for the potential impact that missing data may have on the conclusions of individual studies. Similarly, Xxxx, et al.8 reported that 89% (63 out of 71 randomly selected studies reviewed) published in the New England Journal of Medicine, Journal of the American Medical Association, BMJ, and Lancet between July and December 2001 had missing data. Most of the studies (92%) applied complete-case analysis which is the default mode for statistical software when dealing with missing data. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of missing data on two case studies that used multivariate models. In Case study 1, Xxxxxxxx, et al.17 used multivariate models to evaluate the association between adherence and achievement of 25% lipid panel reductions (e.g., LDL, TC, and non-HDL). In Case study 2, Xxxxxxxxxxx, et al.18 used multiple linear regression to evaluate the association between GLP-1 agonists (exenatide or liraglutide) and HbA1c reduction. In both cases, complete-case analysis was performed in handling missing data; however, the impact of missing data was not evaluated.
Summary of Study. We did not observe an association between the exposures of interest, county size and workplace physical risk, and the 2 outcome variables measuring prescription pain reliever use and abuse. In both the adjusted and unadjusted analyses the confidence intervals were wide, likely due to the low number of participants who had abused or been dependent on prescription pain relievers. A larger sample size would provide a more precise estimate of association. While neither exposure of interest was found to have an association with prescription pain reliever misuse or abuse/dependence, our examination found evidence that workplace physical risk confounded the association between pain reliever use/abuse and county size. Identifying as female, being married, having completed higher levels of education, having medical insurance, and reporting excellent overall health were all found to be associated with lower prevalence of prescription pain reliever nonmedical use and abuse/dependence in adjusted analyses. One key finding in this secondary analysis was the magnitude of the association pain reliever nonmedical use and abuse/dependence outcomes had with the presence of a mental illness in the past year, and how it increased in magnitude as mental illness severity increased. The magnitude was particularly high in the model that included individuals identified as being abusive or dependent on prescription pain relievers. Compared to people without mental illness, prevalence ratios ranged from 3.24 (mild mental illness) to 9.13 (serious mental illness) in adjusted analyses. However, because these data are cross-sectional, we are unable to make any conclusions regarding causation.
Summary of Study. The goal of this study was to complete a comprehensive review of literature related to distrust in the U.S. health care system, distrust in the medical profession, and distrust in the organ allocation system and the decision to donate organs among African Americans. Guided by the Conceptual Model of Health Care Distrust, and based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, a total of 14 empirical studies were reviewed and analyzed in relation to the research questions. Articles were not segmented exclusively into categorizes, and as a result, many applied to more than one research question. The final breakdown was as follows: eight publications applied to distrust in the health care system, eight publications applied to distrust in the medical profession, and three publications applied to distrust in the organ allocation system. All 14 publications focused on cadaveric donation intentions and whether overall health care distrust was a factor in their decision by using quantitative questionnaires and surveys. All publications were based in the U.S. and had study samples of at least 15% participants who self-identified as African American. The collection of articles that focused on overall health care system distrust and the decision to donate organs among African Americans suggests that historical and current medical experiences affect whether African Americans are willing to donate organs. The cultural narrative born by decades of unethical treatment within the clinical and health care systems have made it challenging for many African Americans to believe that they will be treated the same as others or that they will receive the same access to health services.47,57 Similarly, the relationship between African American distrust in medical professionals in many cases is a strong factor as to whether African Americans will decide to donate organs.26 There is a vulnerability neccesary to seek medical treatment and to adhere to recommendations of care. When trust is not present with physicans or those who deliver care it is difficult for one to believe that their best interest will be prioritized. The literature reviewed suggests that an improvement in developing and rebuilding trust within these relationships is foundational to improving the state of African American organ donation. Lastly, it was generally suggested that feelings of distrust in the organ allocation system also prevents many African Americans from donating organs.51 Many question the fairness of the ...
Summary of Study. The Formulary Agent(s) to be provided: Formulary Agent(s) will be used in the following approved clinical trial: Formulary Agent(s) will be used in the following approved research proposal: The documents listed below must be on file at CTEP prior to Formulary Protocol approval and shipment of PMB-supplied Formulary Agent(s):
Summary of Study. Millions of laboratory employees are exposed to organic solvents on a daily basis while performing research. The prevention of occupational exposures requires a thorough knowledge of and appropriate attitude towards the effects of these solvents. A KAP survey was conducted among laboratory workers to find out the prevalence of good knowledge and appropriate attitude among them.
Summary of Study. According to the Department of Human Resources “2007 Status of Oral Health in Georgia Report, “poor oral health is one of Georgia’s most pressing public health problems” (GDHR, 2007). Children living in rural areas of Georgia are disproportionately affected by dental problems due to limited access to care. The main barrier to dental care is lack of dental providers in rural, Southeast Georgia. To provide a safety net for its constituents the SEHD applied for and obtained a HRSA grant to implement a school-based teledentistry program. As part of the grant evaluation and to assess the practicality of teledentistry services a cost-effectiveness analysis of the program was conducted. The cost and healthcare outcome (number of children who received services) was compared to the cost and healthcare outcome of a local dental practice (traditional dentistry). In an attempt to illustrate all costs and benefits to society, an intangible cost, children’s self-esteem, was included in the analysis. Results were obtained by manually conducting common cost-effectiveness equations and by utilizing TreeAge Pro 2.0 software for the decision analysis and sensitivity analysis. The calculations showed that the teledentistry program is both cost-effective and cost saving when compared to traditional dentistry. The decision and sensitivity analyses showed that traditional dentistry had the best expected value (utility) when the intangible cost was excluded but teledentistry had the better expected value when the intangible cost was included. The sensitivity analysis illustrated that the intervention probabilities and estimated costs of both programs were realistic and therefore the overall cost-effectiveness analysis model was robust.
