Diarrhea. Excessive or diminished urination.
Diarrhea. Vomiting
Diarrhea. (a) If behavior changed, how did it change (e.g., persons use oral rehydration therapy, persons seek timely care from health providers, mothers give the same or more breast milk or liquids and/or food to infant/child with diarrhea)
(b) What activities contributed to behavior change?
Diarrhea. 1. If a child has one episode of diarrhea, we will separate him/her from the group and watch for other signs of illness for the remainder of the day.
2. If no more diarrhea occurs, and the child does not appear to be ill, we will inform the parents at the end of the day.
3. If more diarrhea episodes occur during that day, we will inform the child’s parents as soon as possible. We will tell them to keep the child home until stools are normal for 24 hours. We suggest that the parent take the child to their doctor and request a stool culture if diarrhea persists.
4. Frequent diarrhea in a sick looking child with fever, stomach pain or blood in the stool indicates that the child needs immediate medical attention. We will inform the parents immediately, asking them to pick up the child and seek medical advice. We will exclude the child until stools are normal for 24 hours.
5. We will clean up the child’s surroundings, including anything that might have been touched by the child’s stool, as soon as possible after the diarrhea episode. We will take special care with the diaper change area and with handwashing.
Diarrhea. A complete list of signs and symptoms of acute illness in children can be found on the Office of Child Care Early Childhood Development website, and is also posted on the Bulletin Board by the Main Entrance of FFDC. In order to encourage the children in our care to engage in positive interactions with people, participate in activities that promote brain development, creative play, and physical activity, FFDC incorporates the use of passive and interactive technology such as videos, applications, and streaming media during childcare hours. We follow the Office of Child Care’s Recommendations on Screen Time as outlined in the following: ● Children younger than 2 years old are not permitted to view any passive technology. ● Children 2 years old or older are not permitted to view more than 30 minutes of age-appropriate, educational passive technology per week. ● No child is permitted to have any screen time during a meal or a snack. ● No child is permitted to view media that promotes brand placement or advertises for unhealthy or sugary food or beverages. FFDC staff members are absolutely not permitted to use any form of physical punishment, including spanking. Staff members may not single out a child for ridicule, threaten harm to the child or the child's family, and may not specifically aim to degrade a child or a child's family. They may not use harsh, demeaning or abusive language in the presence of children. We use the following disciplinary techniques where they are age appropriate: ● Giving Choices ● Problem Solving ● Natural and Logical Consequences ● Ignoring ● Redirecting ● Time Out Discipline does not mean punishment. Discipline is teaching a child how to be safe, how to behave on his/her own and how to know the difference between right and wrong. The staff will use praise and positive methods of discipline and guidance to encourage self-expression and self-direction of the children in the daycare. The limits may be set at times in order to keep children from losing control or causing harm to themselves or others. Time Out is only one way to handle a situation and allows the child to regain control of his/her actions and feelings. Time away from the group will not exceed the following schedule. A timer will be used. Toddlers 30 seconds to 2 minutes Preschoolers 3 to 5 minutes School-age 5 to 10 minutes
1. FFDC does not allow the presence of any pets on the premises due to consideration of the health and safety of all children in our care and staff m...
Diarrhea. A green stool is an indication of increased rate of passage of feces through digestive tract. Is acceptable every once in a while. A green stool, or one that is bloody, mucoid, dark, sticky, has worms or foreign material is definitely abnormal. If diarrhea persists for over 24 hours, seek veterinary attention as serious dehydration is likely. Symptom of an insulin-secreting tumor of the pancreas or severe stomach ulcers. Signs may be indicative of an impending crisis. See Convulsions.
Diarrhea. A national survey found that the two week diarrhea prevalence for children U5 years is 17%, 35% of whom are treated with ORS or a salt-sugar solution.39 Almost one-third (32%) of children with diarrhea are given less to drink, and 75% are given less to eat.40 Harmful practices include enemas for treatment and abrupt weaning due to the belief that defective breastmilk causes diarrhea.41 Only one-third (35%) of rural Burundians have sustainable access to improved sanitation42 and 78% have sustainable access to an improved water source.43 It is commonly believed that children’s feces do not carry diseases, so some people leave their feces in the open air.44 A CDC study on dysentery in Kibuye found that being female, using a cloth rag after defecation, a history of recent weight loss, and not washing hands before preparing food were associated with contracting the disease. The study recommends community-based interventions to increase hand washing to control future Shigella epidemics.45 According to the February 2008 baseline KPC, 23.7% of children aged 0-23 months had an episode of diarrhea in the previous two weeks; 43.7% of those received treatment with ORS or recommended home fluids. While 63.4% of those with diarrhea received continued or increased feeding, only 32.4% were offered increased fluids. The program will work to increase these rates to 80 and 70 percent respectively. Currently only 18% of mothers wash hands their hands with soap at two or more appropriate times. Vaccine Preventable Diseases The standard immunization regimen for infants in Burundi includes the GAVI-supported pentavalent vaccine. EPI coverage estimates vary widely, a 2006 study found measles coverage of 12-23 month olds was 30%, significantly lower than the 75% estimates from 2004. 46 In Kibuye, 75.9% of children age 12-23 months have at least 3 vaccinations on their health cards.47 Drug and vaccine stockouts are less frequent under a new arrangement, whereby the health centers report service statistics on care provided free to children U5 and pregnant women and are reimbursed in drugs. Provision of essential medicine kits by UNICEF also helps.48 GAVI funds support continued supply of vaccines for EPI. Some health centers conduct EPI outreach while smaller centers offer immunizations only at facilities. Semi-annual Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Weeks provide Vitamin A and maternal iron supplementation, mebendazole (for de-worming), and recover immunization defaulters, but short...
Diarrhea. Additional focus on hand washing should be included for scale up activities, specifically on increasing access, reorienting belief systems, and improving habits.
Diarrhea. Diarrhea is a common side effect of HIV infection and of study treatment (in particular of LPV/RTV and ddI), and often subsides after several weeks of antiretroviral treatment. If no infectious cause of diarrhea is found and onset is temporally related to new medication, symptomatic management with antidiarrheal agents is appropriate. Grade ≥3 If Grade ≥3 diarrhea persists beyond 14 days of symptomatic management, then all study treatment should be held. Upon resolution to Grade ≤2 or to the pre-entry/entry value, then restart study treatment at full doses. If Grade ≥3 diarrhea recurs upon the resumption of study treatment despite symptomatic management, study treatment should again be interrupted and alternative antiretroviral agents should be considered in consultation with the A5208/OCTANE CMC.
Diarrhea. Diarrhea remains a daunting problem in the project area, and while many caretakers are improving their responses to sick children, there is still need for improvement. Plan is actively engaged in water supply and protection schemes and latrine construction with many of the communities in the project area. The project has worked closely with PSI to make ORS more readily available at the village level, and CBOs are routinely training mothers to prevent diarrhea, to prepare and administer ORS, appropriate home made fluids, increase breastfeeding, hand washing with soap or wood ash, and to recognize the danger signs and seek treatment. The project is encouraging CBOs and kiosk owners to purchase and distribute ORS sachets at the community level. During a home visit, the mother of a one year old showed the team her family pharmacy which contained a package of ORS, cotrimoxazole, and paracetamol. When questioned about how to use these supplies, she correctly explained and demonstrated. The KPC 2004 showed an increase from 42.3% at baseline to 56.2% at the final, missing the target of 70% of children who receive more fluids than usual during the last diarrhea episode. This was further elaborated on during the focus group discussion with mothers, some of whom stated that giving more fluid would aggravate diarrhea, and instead most mothers focused on providing more food, as demonstrated by the indicator for increasing food during diarrhea from 51.3% at baseline to 76.6% at final, exceeding the 70% target. While nearly all women breastfeed their children regularly, there was not a significant increase (2.9%) of women who provided additional breastfeeding during episodes of diarrhea. This can partially be explained from information on cultural beliefs obtained during the focus group discussions which separated types of diarrhea, some of which are caused by the mother having sexual relations with her husband while breastfeeding. The health facility assessment shows a baseline value of 23% and a final value of 67.4% of children seen at the health facility that were correctly treated for diarrhea, thus not reaching the target of 70%. When this data is disaggregated for trained and untrained staff in Doume District, where IMCI is being piloting, they are both exactly the same (85.7% trained and untrained). There are many cultural beliefs that are preventing caretakers from changing their behavior and integrating these behavior changes into daily practice. • • • • Additio...
