MAI. Member of the Appraisal Institute
MAI. Corollary 2: If B = B∗, then the only equilibrium is one where all countries join Proof: See appendix 7. The intuition of Corollary 2 is also straight forward. The benchmark B∗ is the value of the rent extraction rate that is chosen by a social planner in a world without information asymmetries. Since the lobbying distortion pushes the desired rent extraction rate below B∗, the time inconsistency distortion alone causes a rent extraction rate above B∗. However, MAI rule B∗ provides to all countries a commitment device to solve the time-inconsistency problem by joining MAI at no cost. Hence, opting out of MAI makes no longer sense. Overall, a weak MAI (large B) is not sharply binding and every country joins MAI to avoid losses from signalling high rent-extraction rates in case of staying out. Next, I compare the incentives of governments to protest against MAI negotiations. Every government objects negotiation if it expects a loss in a world with MAI compared to one without. Proposition 2 Governments of all countries that do not join MAI lose compared to a world without MAI; governments of all countries with χi > χ gain. At least some govern- ˜ ments of countries that join MAI with χi such that χ∗ > χi > χ lose. Proof: See appendix 8. This proposition can explain why some countries object other countries to negoti- ate a MAI even though they are neither forced into nor excluded from membership. A partial MAI, i.e. a MAI where some countries join and others opt out, exerts a negative information externality on non-members; outsiders signal that they are inclined to extract large rents from MNEs. The resulting investment diversion harms governments that do not decide to join. It need to be kept in mind, however, that a loss for a government does not necessarily imply a welfare loss of the country, since government objectives are distorted by lobbying groups.24 Proposition 2 can explain the protest storm of some LDCs against the negotiation of MAI by the club of the OECD countries, although they were both free to opt in or out. According to my explanation, they were fearing the information externality that may arise from the decision to opt out. The protest comes from governments that are ex post but not ex ante contra free-market spirited. Again, a quote by the former Commerce Secretary to Government of India supports this model feature: "Selective and judicious government intervention is therefore widely considered necessary to support or protect domestic in...
MAI will provide information on sales to JSN as each sale is made. The JSN log will close at 5 P.M. Mountain Time each Thursday for the broadcast week beginning a week from the following Monday. Any advertising time within that broadcast week remaining unsold by MAI at closing will revert to JSN. Complete logs for each broadcast week will be furnished by MAI to JSN one week in advance on the Monday preceding the Monday on which the broadcast begins.
MAI. 36/6-54, Xxxxxxxxx to Xxxxxx, 9 Aug. 1889; Doc. Dipl. 1889–1890 XV, 000xx.Xxxxxx Scholar 95 95 Doc. Dipl. 1890–1891 XVII, 16if., Xxxxxxxxx to Xxxxxx, 14 Nov. 1890; 78, Xxxxxxxxx to Minilik, undated memorandum of 23–24 Dec. 1890; 85ff., Xxxxxxxxx to Minilik, undated memo of 26–28 Jan. 0000.Xxxxxx Scholar 96 96 Ibid. 85ff., Xxxxxxxxx to Minilik, undated memorandum. ‘As Your Majesty was making the corrections I wrote them step by step in the Italian text and Your Majesty's interpreter [did the same] in the Amharic text. The corrections were so many that the Italian and the Amharic texts were recopied.’. 98 98 Ibid. 16ff., Xxxxxxxxx to Xxxxxx, 14 Nov. 1890. ‘Moreover, besides the translation, every article was expounded word for word during the negotiations; all possible explanations were given so that the Emperor might form an exact concept of the obligations into which he entered.’.Google Scholar 99 99 Ibid. 53, Minilik to Salimbeni, Nehasë 11, 1882 (16 Aug. 1890), and 49ff., Xxxxxxxxx to Xxxxxx, 29 Aug. 0000.Xxxxxx Scholar 100 100 Ibid. 31ff., Xxxxxxx to Xxxxxxx, Tir 15, 1883 (22 Jan. 1891). By this time Xxxxxxx was making use of Mr xx for his correspondence with Italy and therefore the French language is used. 101 101 Ibid. 41ff., MiniIikto Xxxxxxx, Yekatit 5, 1883 (11 Feb. 1891). 102 102 I have not been able to find the Aniharic or Italian drafts referred to by Xxxxxxxxx in the files of X. X. XXX.
MAI. It has been assumed that Xxxxxx himself removed them when he left xxxXxx. See Xxxxxx, op. cit.
MAI. 36/6–54, Pro Memoria al Cay. Xxxxxx Dossi, 19 Sep. 1889, by Xxxxxx Xxxxxxxxx. Printed in Zaghi, op. cit. 0xx.Xxxxxx Scholar 108 108 Xxxxx, op. cit. 108f., diary 15 July 1890, and 148, diary 18 Aug. 1890. See also 123 and 238 for evidence that Xxxxxxxxx at times spoke with the Emperor without xxxxxxxxxxx.Xxxxxx Scholar 109 109 Ibid. 177f., Traversi to Xxxxxxxxx, 14 Aug. 1890. 110 110 Xxxxxxxxx, op. cit. 000.Xxxxxx Scholar 111 111 A. S. MAI. 36/7–59, Pro Memoria about the audience, undated; printed in Doc. Dipl. 1889–90 XV bis, 0x.Xxxxxx Scholar 112 112 Xxxxx, op. cit. xxxxx., diary 16 July 1890 (italics mine).Google Scholar 113 113 For more evidence that Xxxxxxxxx was supposed by his superiors to know Xxxxxxx, see Xxx. Dipl. 1889–90 XV, 260f., Robilant to Xxxxxxxxx, ii Mar. 1887. It should be noted that Xxxxxxxxx already in 1886 had wrong translations corrected, as he says himself, ‘under my supervision’; Doc. DipI. 1889–1890 XV, 214ff., Xxxxxxxxx to Robilant, ‘Apr. 1886. On the other hand Xxxxxxx kept his interpreter Xxxxx with him also during an interview with Xxxxxxxxx in 1888, which was so secret that Xxxxxxxxx had to swear that he would reveal nothing; A. S. MAI. 36/5-47, Xxxxxxxxx to Xxxxxx, 8 Aug. 1888. The portion about the oath and Xxxxx's presence is missing in the document as printed in Doc. Dipl. 1889–1890 XV, 000xx.Xxxxxx Scholar 114 114 Xxxxxxx, Xxxxx, op. cit. 44, n. 1. I do not know when and under what circumstances Xxxxxxxxx made this statement. Xxxxx Xxxxxxx does not give the source of his information, and in the Italian papers that I have seen so far I have not been able to discover xx.Xxxxxx Scholar 115 115 Doc. Dipl. 1890–1891 XVII, 63ff., Xxxxxxxxx to Xxxxxx, 29 Jan. 0000.Xxxxxx Scholar 116 116 Xxxxx, op. cit. 186, Xxxxxxxxx to Xxxxxx, 9 Oct. 1890. ‘Now I understand how one can obtain so eailv such splendid success. One rites a treaty: iii the Italian text one puts what is wanted in Italy, in the Amharic text one puts what Xxxxxxx xxxx, and it doesn't matter if the two do not agree. Those who come later will think about it. What a mess, my dear Xxxxxx, what imbroglios, what lies, what an enormous difference between this king and King Xxxxxxxx!-the same as between the King of Italy and Minilik. I owe much to A…, I cannot pose as his accuser. But when I tried to put the blame for the false translation of Article r of the treaty with Xxxxxxx on Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxx, he gave me such details and reasons that he shut my mouth, proving tome that. ...
MAI. 36/2-13; Article 7 in the Italian draft and 6 in the Amharic draft. The Italian text is printed in Doc. Dipl. 1889–1890 XV, 143f. The Amharic text of the article runs in full: This is a somewhat complex and obscure sentence, which is not easy to render into acceptable English without paraphrasing it completely. The following is an attempt to convey the meaning of the clause without changing it more than necessary: ‘When I said: if Your Majesty should wish by Your own will to send messengers to Egypt, to Jerusalem, to the Red Sea [or] anywhere else by the hand [or: under the protection] of the Italian consul, I meant so that anyone who does not know should not maltreat them and that they should return having carried out Your will without lacking food, drink, [and] shelter; if You send whatever You wish by any of the Italian consuls, everything You desire should be done and fulfilled’.Google Scholar 131 131 MAE., Etiopia/Mar Rosso, I, 266f., Originally Xxxxxxxx, then stationed at L–1890 XV, 128ff. The Amharic text has never been published, and Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx, the present official historian of Italian political activity in Ethiopia, writing for the ‘Comitato per la documentazione dell’ opera dell'Italia in Africa', seems to have been ignorant even of the existence of the original of the treaty in the archives. See M.A.E., Etiopia/Mar Rosso, I, 282, n. 00.Xxxxxx Scholar 132 132 A. S. MAE., Serie V, Trattati, Etiopia No. 2. The Italian text was first published in Doc. DipI. 1889–90 XV, iz8ff. The Amharic text has never been published, and Xxxxxxxxx Xxxxx Xxxxxx, the present official historian of Italian political activity in Ethiopia, writing for the ‘Comitato per la documentazione dell'opera dell'Italia in Africa’, seems to have been ignorant even of the existence of the original of the treaty in the archives. See M.A.E., Etiopia/Mar Rosso, I, 282, 51.
MAI. The failed OECD Multilateral Agreement on InvestmentMarket Access – Market access is a legalistic term referring to the government-imposed conditions for an industry to penetrate a related market in a foreign country under non-discriminatory conditions. It is thus the extent to which a good or a service can compete with locally-made products in another market. Cutting market access barriers for industrial products is a key subject of the Doha WTO Round, in particular for products of export interest to developing countries and for environmental goods. - The EU market access strategy created mechanisms and provisions to serve Europe‘s exporters. In practical terms, the main tool is a market access database, available via the Internet. This provides basic information of interest to EU exporters, such as an exporter‘s guide, the rates of customs and internal taxes in key export markets, import licensing requirements and special customs clearance formalities. - An economy in which resources allocations, prices and other marketing decisions are primarily determined by the free market. - Multilateral Environmental Agreements are the best way to deal multilaterally with major environmental issues. But their relationship with trade needs to be clarified. In short, the pursuit of profit must not be allowed to override environmental concerns, nor must such concerns constitute an unwarranted obstacle to trade. For instance, problems could arise if a country imposed a trade measure for environmental purposes on another WTO member that had not signed the MEA. Their relationship with trade and WTO rules needs to be clarified. - Government laws, regulations, rules, procedures, decisions, administrative actions, and any other forms. The term covers central, regional and local authorities; and the rules of non-governmental bodies in the exercise of powers delegated by any of them. – Abbreviation for ―Mediterranean‖ - In EU terminology the term is used synonymously for countries and territories which have entered into the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership. Under the MEDA Regulation, the 12 Mediterranean countries and territories (Algeria, Cyprus, Egypt, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Malta, Morocco, Palestinian Authority, Syria, Tunisia, and Turkey) are partners of the EU, based on the multilateral document of the Barcelona Declaration. Each of them are legal partners through the Association Agreements and the individual agreements on Financing Framework Conventions (FFC). In a less ...
MAI has the requisite corporate power and authority to enter into this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder. The execution and delivery of this Agreement by MAI and the consummation by MAI of the MAI Merger and the transactions contemplated hereby, will have been duly authorized by the Board of Directors and, except for the approval of the shareholders as set forth in Section 7.6(b) hereof, no other corporate proceedings on the part of MAI are necessary to authorize this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by MAI and (assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by PICM and the receipt of all requisite regulatory approvals) constitutes a valid and binding obligation of MAI, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms except to the extent that its enforceability may be limited by applicable bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization or other laws affecting the enforcement of creditors' rights generally or by general equitable principles.
MAI on its behalf and on behalf of its affiliates, subsidiaries, successors and assigns hereby release you from any and all claims arising out of your employment with MAI prior to the date hereof, and the performance of (or a failure to perform) your duties as an employee of MAI prior to the date hereof.
