Limitations and Recommendations. While the information collected in my interviews does in fact highlight the difficulty low- income individual’s face in affording healthy foods, these findings are from a small pool of people in a segmented population; low-income adults enrolled in the FVRx pilot program at Xxxxx Hospital. The 18 participants I spoke with are not reflective of all low-income patients suffering from diet-related illnesses, meaning that we cannot generalize these findings. However, because the purpose of this study was to specifically obtain more in-depth information from this particular population, we can use these snapshots of information to map out common themes and barriers related to healthy eating. One limitation of the FVRx program is that once the six months are over, participants no longer receive the vouchers, and are on their own to obtain fresh, healthy food. This is a common problem in behavior change interventions, where adherence to a new behavior will often decline as the intervention is reduced or withdrawn (Xxxxxxxx et al, 2010). Often times, follow-up with participants is simply not possible, or just not part of the program. Further complicating this issue is that fact that certain environmental factors contribute to the baseline behavior of participants, and, because the environment typically persists after the intervention is completed, facilitate return to baseline behavior (Xxx et al, 2013). For the participants in the FVRx program, these behaviors would be returning to a diet full of highly processed, unhealthy foods. This highlights the importance of incorporating strategies that equip participants with enough knowledge and self-efficacy to empower them to continue their healthy behaviors. Additionally, conducting follow-up with participants at various intervals, whether with phone calls, or hosting meet-ups like the FVRx alumni events, could be a useful strategy to increase likelihood of continued behavior. As far as research-related next steps for the FVRx program, I think it will be beneficial to continue to collect qualitative information from the participants to help strengthen the evidence base of the program. This is a 6-month program, which is relatively short. Therefore, while the post-program health data may show some positive changes in the patients’ health, whether that is a slight decrease in weight or blood pressure, I think the real benefits of the program are highlighted through the participant’s personal, first-hand feedback. Talking...
Limitations and Recommendations. As for the recommendations in the upcoming studies, researchers may look at the influence of school climate factors on other educationally-related outcomes such as re-enrolment, attendance, and participation in extra-curricular activities--other important outcomes in school. Furthermore, the researchers may analyze the disruptive student behavior deeper since it was discovered as the most crucial school climate factor. Its relation with other scales may be studied, too. The relation between Teacher Enthusiasm and Teacher Behaviour and Student Learning could also be researched since the current study found a strong relationship between these categories. Therefore, there are many ways how this type of research can be elaborated and extended in the future.
Limitations and Recommendations. Various maps detail the locations of specific pesticide production processes on site at UCIL. The location for the source of CCl4 was chosen based on Figure 2. However, the two locations chosen for calibration (IT9030 and IT9035), while located northeast of the chosen source, they were not along a linear axis. In order to determine the calibration concentration, an average of the CCl4 concentrations measured in 1999 (Labunska et al. 1999) was chosen. The ACTS software provides a convenient method for characterizing contaminant plumes in groundwater. The software relies on the user to collect contaminant and hydrogeologic parameters for use as inputs into a user-generated model. ACTS is capable of running both deterministic and probabilistic scenarios. The deterministic model is used when single value inputs are used to produce a single value output, characterizing the concentration of contaminants at a point in space and time. The probabilistic model takes into account the uncertainty in parameters, and characterizes the contaminant plume as a range of probabilities that the concentration of the chosen contaminant exists at a certain location in space and time. Because this study was performed remotely, all of the parameters were chosen from the literature. Many studies performed in Bhopal at the site of the UCIL factory report contaminant and hydrogeologic data; however, certain parameters (aquifer porosity and bulk density of soil) were chosen from a reference of typical values (Cherry and Freeze 1979, Xxxxxxx 1981). This introduces a level of uncertainty when running the model simulation in ACTS. This is dealt with to some degree in the probabilistic simulations. There is also some disagreement regarding the direction of groundwater flow in the region of UCIL. Within the NEERI report from 2010, the direction of groundwater is reported to be in both the Northeast and Southeast direction. This, they claim, is due to the variable nature of groundwater flow depending on the conditions (NEERI 2010). The Greenpeace report from 1999, citing an earlier report by NEERI, state that the direction of groundwater flow is along a Northeast axis. Given that the contaminant concentrations used for calibration increased along the Northeast axis, it was assumed for the purposes of this study that the direction of groundwater flow was along the Northeast axis. More detailed studies of the aquifer will be crucial to more accurately characterize the nature of the aquifer an...
Limitations and Recommendations. A limitation of the study is the generally high parental educational levels. Although the percentage of highly educated parents is not different from other studies about gender stereotypes in a family context (e.g., XxXxxx et al., 1999) it reduces the generalizability of the results, especially because educational level appears to have an effect on gender stereotypes. However, in the current study educational level was only related to explicit gender stereotypes. A second limitation lies in the scoring of the AIP for young children. Because some children were not able to push the buttons, but only pointed to the pictures (with the experimenter pushing the corresponding button for them), we could not use the response latency scoring system of the Xxxxx et al. (2010) study. Instead we used a difference score for the accuracy in the congruent and incongruent blocks. However, we are confident that we assessed automatic/implicit responding instead of gender flexibility, because the children were under time pressure and trials with long response latencies were excluded. For older children, who can push the buttons, we recommend the additional use of the response latency score, because it is similar to the scoring of the more widely used Implicit Association Measure. If the associations between the two methods are promising, the age range of the AIP may be expanded. Another limitation is that we did not use an explicit attitude measure for children. The inclusion of an explicit measure would have given a more complete picture of the prediction of children’s gender stereotypes from parental attitudes. Future studies should explore the associations between explicit attitudes of parents and explicit stereotypes of their children, as well as the association between explicit and implicit attitudes of the children and the possible cross-associations between explicit and implicit parent and child attitudes. Many studies about gender role socialization and gender stereotype development have been conducted in the 80s and 90s. Given the rapid changes in society regarding gender roles in the past decades it is important to conduct studies like the current study. Many mothers in the current study already had mothers that worked outside the home, and they themselves have careers more often than not. It is imperative to examine changes in the attitudes of parents about gender and how these attitudes relate to the family context. Because the present study showed that gender ste...
