Qualitative Results. To examine and describe the themes presented above more in-depth, a qualitative analysis was conducted on the female and male authored narratives that comprise the 15-19 year-old age stratum from both urban and rural youth (n=40). As this is the central age stratum, it was deemed likely to best represent the sample. Qualitative results are presented in the following order: (1) representations of female and male characters, (2) HIV risk factors for females and males, (3) blame for HIV infection, and (4) representations of characters that display positive deviance, or behaviors that differ positively from the norm (Xxxxxx, 2005). Female protagonists were more numerous than male protagonists, and were presented in three ways: (1) a good, hardworking girl who engaged in behavior deemed inappropriate and met a tragic end, (2) an unfaithful, promiscuous or dishonest partner who brought HIV risk or infection to a male, or (3) a victim of gendered socio-cultural norms and structural constraints. Only three narratives feature female protagonists who do not contract HIV and were able to persevere through hardships or situations of peer pressure. The vast majority of female protagonists were represented as ‘good’ girls who go ‘bad’. At first, these females were presented as intelligent and hardworking students. They were praised and admired by peers and community members for their discipline and high academic achievements. Soon these females began to act out of character, however, and engaged in behaviors deemed inappropriate and even immoral for young women. These behaviors included talking to boys, going out to parties or disco’s, drinking alcohol, and occasionally, doing drugs. All of the females in these narratives entered into a sexual relationship (committed or casual) with a male, and in one narrative, a college-aged female had both a boyfriend and a transactional relationship with an older man. All of these relationships led to HIV infection or presumed HIV infection, and in the end, all of these females were abandoned by their partners. The dominant narrative was that girl-boy relationships were bad for schoolgirls, and such relationships would shatter their future plans and dreams. The second most common female protagonist depicted in the narratives was one that was scheming, unfaithful, or had multiple partners. These representations were more frequent among female authors than male authors. In cases of female infidelity, the cause was the woman’s desire f...
Qualitative Results. 49 Research Questions - Parents..................................................................................... 51 Research Question 1 .................................................................................................. 51 Research Question 2 .................................................................................................. 52 Research Question 3 .................................................................................................. 53
Qualitative Results. Open-ended Survey Question
Qualitative Results. Table 2 lists the demographic characteristics of the 17 interview participants. The age of participants ranges from 14 to 30 years old (M=19.59, SD=3.92). 52.94% (n=9) were female. The PI asked participants to state their country of origin; 82.35% (n=14) stated India, 5.88% (n=1) stated Pakistan, 5.88% (n=1) stated Sri Lanka, and 5.88% (n=1) stated Bangladesh. The PI also asked the students to state the current program they are enrolled in; 29.41% (n=5) stated high school, 41.18% (n=7) stated bachelors, 23.53% (n=4) stated graduate, and 5.88% (n=1) stated PhD. A summary of the qualitative interviews and themes are presented in Table 8. The following themes emerged from the interviews: mental health wellness definition, support, coping strategies, accessing mental health resources, barriers to accessing mental health resources, and major factors of stress including family, time, future, school work, stigma, and pressure from self, family, peers, and community.
Qualitative Results. These group tracking approaches have shown to provide valuable input for social navigation in cock- tail party-like scenarios. They were used as an input to learning socially normative robot navigation behaviors, in a recent paper [7] that is described more closely in deliverable D5.
Qualitative Results. In Fig. 14, we show illustrative results of our tracking system running on data recorded with our mobile data capture platform (Fig. 2) during a crowded situ- ation at an airport, shortly after passengers have disembarked from an airplane. At the detection stage, we observe that the different detectors (2D laser, RGB-D upper-body, groundHOG in RGB) complement each other well and significantly increase the field of view around the robot in which persons can be tracked. In group guidance scenarios, it can make sense to filter out tracks in a post- processing step which have not been visually confirmed (shown in different color in the third row of Fig. 14), as especially the laser-based detector can sometimes trigger false alarms when objects appear like humans in the laser scan. Multiple videos which show our tracking system in action on both the real robot platform and pre-recorded datasets can be found on our YouTube channel9.
Qualitative Results. Belize Costa Rica Guatemala
Qualitative Results. The interviews with key informants focused on gaining an understanding of the environment and context around abortion in Colombia, in terms of clinical procedures, logistics for patients and public debate. We also asked all respondents about their perspectives on barriers to accessing legal abortion for women and provision of legal abortion for physicians. This analysis focuses on barriers and particularly barriers affecting physician provision. Table 3 describes the characteristics of each respondent. Xxxxxxx Progressive Catholic NGO Dr. Priam Bioethics, Conservative University in Bogotá Xxxxxx Legal organization that support´s women´s access to reproductive rights Xxxxx International NGO specializing in abortion access through the right to health in Latin America Calliope Advocacy organization focused on expanding access to reproductive rights through judiciary system Dr. Perseus Bioethicist and medical doctor at Catholic University in Bogotá Dr. Danae Conscientious Objector to abortion, medical doctor and bioethics doctoral student Xxxxxx Abortion clinic in Bogotá Erata City program supporting women´s rights Clio National women´s health clinic Xxxxxx National women´s health clinic Athena Women´s health clinic network in Colombia Dr. Odysseus Large public hospital Many respondents discussed ignorance of the law as an important barrier to provision of legal abortion in Colombia. The idea of ignorance of the law was consistent across informants, though the participants described the reasons for this ignorance and dimensions differently. Dr. Odysseus described this as the primary barrier for legally eligible women to access abortion in Bogotá, saying, “It´s ignorance… if you don´t know your rights you don´t exercise them. The doctors and health professionals do not know about the interruption of pregnancy [abortion]. They also don´t know that it´s legal, also they don´t know the causes [under which abortion is permitted according to C-355/2006], also they don´t know about women´s autonomy.” This ignorance takes the form of:
Qualitative Results the maxims of memor- isation With the above set of crude assumptions, we can already draw some interesting conclusions about the impact of encoding strength on an agent’s expected utility:
1. An encoding strength of zero, equivalent to complete forgetting, will give no impact on the agent’s expected utility (considered against the baseline of her expected utility had she not encountered item X).16
2. A high encoding strength will give a positive utility impact if the context- of-relevance term in eq. (3.1), along with any positive raw utility impact, outweighs the impact of interference contexts. If interference contexts (and/ or negative raw utility) win out, however, a high strength would give a neg- ative utility impact. This tells us that in the latter case, the agent should not assign a high encoding strength.
3. The optimal strength s∗X will therefore be a trade-off between the positive impact of contexts of relevance and the negative impact of contexts of in- terference, with an added weight in one direction or the other from any raw utility of the memory. The more positive the raw utility of the memory, or the larger the impact of contexts of relevance, the higher the optimal strength will be; the larger the impact of contexts of interference, the lower it will be. For these broad guidelines we obtain the heuristics we seek, describing the optimal encoding strength for any item X: 16This requires a slight qualification, likely to generate more heat than light: the two expected utilities being compared here are both done conditional on X, i.e. the agent knows that X for the duration of the calculation. Her expected utility calculated bearing X in mind is not necessarily the same as her expected utility as calculated by an agent who does not know that X.
1. If X will provide a very positive memory (with high raw utility), it should be given a relatively high encoding strength. If it gives a very negative memory (painful to recall), then it should have a low strength.
2. If X is expected to be useful in future, it should be given a high strength.
3. If X is surprising and useful, it should be given a high strength.
4. If X has very ‘general’ cues, it should be given a low strength.17 These heuristics take the form of suggestive maxims, which will play against one another in any given situation, providing tensions that must be offset to determine the optimal encoding strength for any item. In the following chapter we will see how this could play out ...
Qualitative Results. The purpose for adding a qualitative component to this project was to explore the meaning of burden. Specifically, we set out to compare the narratives told by the caregivers with survey data collected during the quantitative phase of this project. We also wanted to explore additional concepts of race and racism and how these meanings might shape and/or influence their roles as caregivers.
