Structure of the thesis. The structure of this thesis is as follows. After this introductory chapter, the thesis consists of three parts. The first part deals with unit testing in context of a sequential object-oriented programming language. In particular, in Chapter 2 a formal definition for the Java-like object-oriented programming language Japl is developed. This is followed by the introduction of the test specification language for Japl in Chapter 3 and the code generation algorithm in Chapter 4. Finally, the first part concludes with the discussion about possible extensions of, both, the programming language and the test specification language. The second part suggests a concurrency extension of the testing introduced in the first part. Specifically, Chapter 6 proposes an extension of the Japl pro- gramming language with thread classes. Correspondingly, Chapter 7 deals with an extension of the test specification language and, additionally, it sketches a sug- gestion on how to adapt the code generation algorithm of Chapter 4 in order to account for the concurrency extension. Finally Chapter 8 presents a conclusion of the thesis. The third part of the thesis consists of the proofs. A central contribution of the thesis is the correctness proof of the code generation algorithm of Chapter 4. Although the Java-like language Japl covers only some basic aspects of typi- cal object-oriented programming languages, still supported features like object- orientation and classes considerably increase the complexity of the proofs, already. Thus, instead of embedding the proofs into the text they are presented separately in order to improve readability. In particular, it should be possible to understand and follow most of the ideas in this thesis without the need to understand all proofs in their details.
Structure of the thesis. Chapter Two provides a review of literature and theoretical debates relevant to studies of contemporary immigrant communities and the relations they forge and maintain with their countries of origin. Analysis focuses on four main areas: transnational migration (the extent, causes and impacts of this phenomenon); the transnational ties of the next generation (the transnational activities specific to this demographic and the factors that contribute to its emergence); assimilation (the evolution of assimilation theory from its orthodox roots and the relationship between transnationalism and immigrant incorporation); and identification (the identification choices available to Latino-Americans and how these relate to broader debates surrounding assimilation and transnationalism). Chapter Three provides background information on the migration histories of Mexican and Salvadoran communities in the United States. It also examines the emergence of transnational networks and arenas within these communities, placing this examination within a historical context and describing the political and developmental impacts of transnational mobilisation. Chapter Four outlines the methodological approach adopted to investigate the institutionalized transnational activities of the next generation. It also provides information on the spatial and temporal parameters of the study, and describes the three samples consulted for this study. Chapter Five sets the scene, providing an overview of next generation inclusion within sampled organizations, paying particular attention to the form, frequency, and impacts of their contributions. It therefore attempts to define a distinctly institutionalized space beyond the emotional and non- institutional forms of transnational connectivity that are most often applied to the next generation. This chapter also contributes to an on-going debate regarding the long-term sustainability of transnational organizations beyond first generation immigrants, which ranges from predictions of demise and decline (Xxxxx-Xxxxxx, 2005; Xxxxxxxx, 2002) to potential survival (Xxxxxxxx et al., 2002; Xxxxxx, 2002).
Structure of the thesis. This thesis seeks to answer the question of whether, in the light of the more economic approach, it is correct to classify airline alliances as restrictions of competition by object under Article 101(1)
Structure of the thesis. The European Precariat will be structured into three parts that will allow for a comprehensive analysis of the protection available to EU migrant worker engaged in precarious forms of non- standard work. Part I of the thesis looks at the nature of the precarious employment and the political and economic developments that dictate the level of protection that can be provided under EU law (i.e., the ‘space’ for legal protection). Following this, Part II of the thesis examines the legal framework applicable to precarious workers, and where gaps in the gaps 44 OECD, OECD Employment Outlook 2020: Worker Security and the COVID-19 Crisis (2020) XXXX xxxxxxxxxx: Paris; X. XxXxx (n 11); X. Xxxxxxxxx (n 31); X. Xxxxxxxxx and A. Barrio (n 42); X. Xxxx, X. Xxxxxxxxx, & X. Xxxxxxxx, ‘Working Time Reforms in Time of Crisis’ ETUI Working Paper 2013.04; X. Xxxxxxxxx et al (n 10). 45 X. Xxxxx (n 30); X. XxXxx (n 11).
Structure of the thesis. The thesis is organized as follows. • In Chapter 1 we present the premise of this work and the real-world problems studied. Then, we explain the steps we followed to obtain the general mathematical framework definition. We introduce the more important elements and properties of the framework and finally, we show the math application nature of our framework. • In Chapter 2 we give the necessary background of the components of our general framework. We deal with data type, data preprocessing techniques, data analysis techniques and optimization algorithms. • In Chapter 3 we describe our methodology. First, we present the math characterization of our general framework. We include math characterization of data and the prepocessing techniques used, individual and the iteration between them. Finally, we present the implementation by using the optimization algorithm. • In Chapter 4 we present a problem related to protection of water resources, concerning the preservation of the availability of fresh water. We explain models used to solve it and the results obtained. • In Chapter 5 we present the atmospheric resource problem. We explain the models that have been used to solve it and the results obtained. • In Chapter 6 we explain the problem associated to earth resource. We describe the model used to solve it and the results obtained. • Finally, in Chapter 7 we mention the main objectives satisfied by this thesis, our contributions, as well as the remaining questions to be addressed in future work.
Structure of the thesis. In the second chapter, I will apply some basic theories, which is helpful for readers and me to understand what I am trying to convey in my thesis including the problems I am going to study. Internationalization is the first phenomenon I will try to explain, it is the basis for the whole thesis; then I will come to many terms including educational cooperation, strategic alliance, sustainability and cultural difference. The definitions will be given and related theories are going to be brought in. Besides, the theories of stakeholder is another important theory I would like to know in this article. In chapter 3, I will give out the methodologies I applied for problems analysis and searching for answers to questions. This chapter are mainly about qualitative research methods, little quantitative ways of research will be included. At the beginning of Chapter 4, I would like to give a case study about the cooperation between UiN and CUST; then, it is time to present the collected data I collected during the interviews. These findings will be display in a table and gives readers a general picture of educational cooperation of this case. Findings involves many topics, including cooperation, strategic alliance and sustainability, etc. In chapter 5, I will do analysis based on what has been presented in Chapter four, but my focus will be put on influence of cultural difference and stakeholder. In addition, I want explore the potential benefits of educational cooperation for both parties and employment issues. The next chapter is the conclusion chapter. I will give a conclusion for the whole chapter and give my opinion on the university cooperation. Later, implications for schools, for students and for government will be given.
Structure of the thesis. The thesis is divided into two parts, each of which explores a variety of topics from different perspectives, often challenging at conceptual and empirical level the predominant State-centric paradigm of international law with respect to non-State actors. In-depth analysis will include socio-legal considerations of NSAGs’ detention activities aimed at achieving a more complex and thus xxxxxx understanding of the current difficulties that the application of international law faces in real-life contexts. These considerations will be particularly useful as this thesis combines theoretical and empirical perspectives, which will be evidenced when identifying and examining both the types of NSAGs that operate in conflict settings and their actual practices in the realm of detention – and how these may affect the way we conceive the applicable law. Part I presents the scope of the research, identifying the subject of inquiry. It starts by combining legal and political science literature on the existence of NSAGs and their international legal obligations. The first chapter (“Non-State Armed Groups, Legal Personality and Typology”) assesses NSAGs’ legal personality through the lens of a “functional” capacity approach. It identifies, in this sense, the key elements required for an entity to be considered as a NSAG under international law. Different practical scenarios are examined, proposing a typology of groups under examination – “de facto authorities”, “armed opposition group” and “militias” – and addressing their legal personality under this legal regime. Chapter II (“Locating Non-State Armed Groups Within the International Legal Architecture”) considers these findings and offers various arguments as to why their detention activities should be conceived through the lens of both IHL and IHRL. The second part of this chapter deals with the role and regulation of NSAGs within these realms, assessing the mechanisms through which these non-State actors could be bound by the rules contained therein. Although the application of IHRL to NSAGs is still disputed, chapter II demonstrates a slow shift towards recognizing that these entities have obligations under this legal regime. Part II examines NSAGs’ detention activities and their legal regulation. Chapter III (“Detention in Non-International Armed Conflict: From Prohibitions to Restrictions and Acceptance”) explores how international law responds to these behaviours in conflict settings. This entails an examination of...
Structure of the thesis. This thesis will proceed with an introduction to the context of the study. A background of the milestones in the history of nursing will be presented to provide an insight into how the nursing profession has been developed in response to social and political events. This background will relate the history of nursing to its epistemological development; orientating the reader to the current status of undergraduate pre-registration nurse education. The background chapter will conclude with an overview of the theoretical approaches to the study of identity. A systematic literature review on professional identity in nursing is presented in chapter 3. This review locates the current study in the existing literature and seeks to highlight the definitions, and the theoretical approaches used in recent studies of professional identity in nursing. Chapter 4 begins with a discussion of the research question, and the aims and objectives of the study. The justification for choosing constructivist grounded theory method to address the research aim is explored. This is followed by a detailed description of the data collection methods, the analytical procedures, ethical considerations, and the attention to rigor within the study’s design. Chapter 5 provides an overview of the analysis, analytical considerations and introduces the organisation of the findings chapters. The findings from the analysis of the data are presented in chapters 6, 7 & 8. Each chapter employs a separate level of social analysis (Micro, Xxxx and Macrosocial) to structure the findings. Extracts from the transcribed data are used throughout as exemplars of the emerging concepts. Descriptions of the interrelationship between the concepts that arise from each level of analysis are given. The processes that describe the development of professional identity are summarised at the end of chapter 8. Chapter 9 discusses the findings of this study by locating them within the existing literature. A redefinition of professional identity is suggested. This new interpretation of professional identity is then discussed in relation to the processes involved in its development. Finally, the social construction of professional identity is explored as a product of competing discourses. Chapter 10 concludes the thesis with reflections on the contribution to knowledge, implications for practice, recommendations for future research, and considerations about the strengths and limitations of the study.
Structure of the thesis. The structure of this thesis is as follows. Following this introductory chapter, Chapter Two sets the overall context in which this research has been undertaken. It tells the policy story of TB in London and offers a historical and epidemiological overview of the disease. The chapter offers comparative data on tuberculosis in other large cities, examines factors underlying continued high TB rates in London, and concludes with a discussion regarding the very serious issue of drug resistant TB. Chapters Three and Four introduce readers to the three initial theoretical frameworks used in the research: complexity theory, professional dominance and New Public Management (NPM). The chapters critically review the literatures underpinning these frameworks, and the major tenets of each framework are discussed. Chapter Three focuses solely on complexity theory, the main conceptual framework used, and, as it is a relatively new and novel theory (or, more accurately, a group of theories), readers are provided with a “primer” on the subject. Gaps in the literature which are filled by this research are identified, and five key elements from the theory are derived for operational application. Chapter Four analyses professional dominance and NPM, the secondary, competing frameworks used in this thesis. As with Chapter Three, five “signs and symptoms” derived from each of these two literatures are identified for operationalisation. Xxxxxxx’x (1995) theory of public policy agenda setting is also introduced, as it will be used to later in the thesis to theorise a key inductive finding from the research, the low policy priority accorded to TB control in London. Chapter Five presents a methodological discussion on the chosen research paradigm (critical realism), the research strategy applied (case study) and the resulting methodological implications for data collection and analyses. It is recognised that the combination of complexity theory and critical realism, whilst a well-supported pairing in the literature, represents a departure from many traditional designs. The chapter discusses this combination and resulting methodological implications. Chapters Six and Seven contain the empirical findings from this research. Chapter Six provides an analytic history of the overall organisational and management response to London’s TB epidemic, along with a comparator case study contrasting New York City’s response to its recent TB epidemic with London’s response. Chapter Seven provide...
Structure of the thesis. This introductory chapter is the first of seven chapters included in this thesis. In Chapter One I have introduced the core elements of the thesis, including the field and object of study, the aim and research questions. I have also introduced the theoretical framework of the thesis. In Chapter Two I develop the methodological framework and establish the research design, method of document analysis, as well as the selection of the empirical material. Chapter Two is therefore divided into three parts. The first one explains how I use Xxxxxxxx’x analytics and concepts in order to design a genealogy inspired framework for the empirical analysis. I combine the analytics of the framework with the reading techniques and guidelines provided by Xxxxxx (2009). I further structure the Foucauldian framework by borrowing Xxxx’x (2007) classification of effects for analytical purposes. The second part of Chapter Two explains how I apply the framework I have outlined in order to examine the policy documents I have selected as empirical data. The third and final part of the chapter discusses the selection process of the empirical material and the use of secondary sources within the research design. Chapter Three reviews the secondary sources included in this thesis, distinguished in two separate parts. The first part is a contextualising review that locates the documents I have selected as empirical material within their respective English and Swedish policy fields. The purpose of this review is not to produce an in-depth review of youth sexual health in England and Sweden, but rather to account for the selection of the empirical material and contextualise the selected policy documents. As such, it is a review of some of the key developments and policy documents in each policy field. The second part of Chapter Three is a literature review focused on the core constructs around youth, sex and risk, and emphasising the literature that explores the processes through which states have tried to govern youth, that is, to regulate the behaviour and affect the sexual lives of young people. Chapter Four is the first of the three analysis chapters. The material from each country is read separately; the Swedish material in Chapter Four and the English material in Chapter Five. Chapter Four follows the framework described in Chapter Two, using the help of Bacchi’s (2009) guiding questions to interrogate the material. The Chapter is structured according to three functions: how to see ...
