Methodological approach. Econometric estimation of total factor productivity (TFPQ) at firm level. Subsequent estimation of the causal effect of import competition on firm productivity using econometric techniques.
Methodological approach. The general SAFT framework is based on perturbation theory. Therefore, the total Helmholtz free energy is given as a sum of two contributions: the reference fluid Helmholtz free energy and the perturbed Helmholtz free energy. The reference fluid is usually taken as the hard-sphere fluid and the perturbed potential includes the dispersion interactions of the segments, the chain term due to the formation of chains of segments, and the association term due to the highly directional attractive interactions in associating compounds, such as water and alcohols. These interactions are sufficient to describe the thermodynamic properties of a large amount of compounds. Nevertheless, the ability to predict adsorption phenomenon crucially depends on the fluid-solid interaction, hence an extension of these equations of state is needed to account for this specific interaction. The fluid-solid interaction might be modeled as a square-well potential. This idealized interaction potential is illustrated in Figure 1. Figure 1 - Schematic representation of the square well potential. ε is the potential depth and λ is the potential width This means that, if the fluid particles are within a distance of 1 to λ (in reduced units) from the solid wall, they are adsorbed by the wall. The very nature of this phenomenon imposes an inhomogeneity in the system that challenges the true scope of classical thermodynamics. One possible way to treat this problem, yet using classical thermodynamics, is to consider the effect on the average energy of the system. Thus, even though one does not have access to a detailed description of the fluid structure close to the solid wall, one is able to calculate the resulting energy effect. Assuming pairwise additivity, one may write the average residual energy as: N E R u(x)g(x)d 2V
Methodological approach. The neuGRID project is focused on setting up “a grid-based e-infrastructure for data archiving/communication and computationally intensive applications in the medical sciences”. The exploitation of the developed infrastructure for the exchange of imaging and clinical data has been assured by a focused dissemination strategy, ensuring effective collaboration both within the project and with communities external to it, and coordinating neuGRID with related projects and activities carried out in Europe and elsewhere. The dissemination strategy has as its main objectives: • To disseminate project results to the relevant scientific communities; • To raise awareness at the political and decision-making levels of the opportunities offered by neuGRID; • To spread within research-, academic- and clinical communities knowledge about the facilities and tools supplied by the infrastructure; • To assess the regulatory needs of the pharmaceutical industry for pre-competitive research and clinical trials including clinical trial registration, agreements that should be prepared and signed by potential industry users, IPR management, and regulations for data ownership, exchange, and analysis; to define the adaptations or expansions of the present infrastructure to host industry pre-competitive research and randomized clinical trials with clinical and imaging/biological surrogates; and to define a set of activities that should be carried out to make neuGRID compliant with industry needs; • To promote compatibility of neuGRID with related initiatives that are being carried out in North America, Japan, and Australia; • To promote integration into neuGRID of the most popular tools for brain image analyses to carry out high performance grid computing by international researchers on own or merged datasets; • To spread infrastructure aims and services to be exploited in the daily research and clinical practice; • To teach potential users how to use the implemented services through the provided GUI; • To teach research users how to take advantage by the high performance computing facilities. There are several possible channels for disseminating information and results about neuGRID. The selection of modalities and ways varies in relation to the communication targets. As detailed in the Dissemination and training plan, during all the 36 months of the project the dissemination activities have included: conferences, teleconferences, meetings, workshops, letters of intent, emails, art...
Methodological approach. The structure and crystallinity of the zeolites were determined by X-ray powder diffraction using a Bruker AXS D8 Advance diffractometer equipped with a graphite monochromator and a position sensitive detector Våntec-1 using CuKα radiation in Xxxxx–Xxxxxxxx geometry. Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms were measured on a Micromeritics GEMINI II 2370 volumetric Surface Area Analyzer at -196 °C to determine surface area, pore volume and pore size distribution. Before the sorption measurements, all samples were degassed in a Micromeritics FlowPrep 060 instrument under helium at 300 °C (heating rate 10 °C/min) for 4 h. The specific surface area was evaluated by BET method using adsorption data in the range of a relative pressure from p/p0 = 0.05 to p/p0 = 0.25. The t-plot method was applied to determine the volume of micropores (Vmic). The adsorbed amount at relative pressure p/p0= 0.98 reflects the total adsorption capacity (Vtot). The concentration and the type of acid sites were determined by adsorption of acetonitrile as a probe molecule followed by FTIR spectroscopy (Nicolet 6700 FTIR with DTGS detector) using the self-supported wafer technique. Prior to adsorption of the probe molecule, self- supported wafers of zeolite samples were activated in-situ by overnight evacuation at temperature 450 °C. CD3CN adsorption proceeded at room temperature for 30 min at equilibrium pressure 5 Torr, followed by 30 min degassing at room temperature. To obtain quantitative analysis, the molar absorption coefficients for CD3CN adsorbed on Brønsted acid sites (ν(C≡N)-B at 2297 cm-1, ε(B) = 2.05 ± 0.1 cm μmol-1) and strong and weak Xxxxx acid sites (ν(C≡N)-L1 at 2325 cm-1 ν(CN)-L2 2310 cm-1, ε(L) = 3.6 ± 0.2 cm μmol-1) were used. Integral intensities of individual bands were used and spectra were normalized to the wafer thickness 10 mg cm-2.
Methodological approach. 1.6.5.1. The relevance of a systematic review and meta-analysis Previous research has been conducted to understand the association between depression, PTSD, or TBI and dementia in ageing US military veterans through a systematic or narrative review (Xxxxx & Xxxxx, 2014; Xxxxx et al, 2020; Xxxxxxxx et al, 2020; Xxxxxxxx et al, 2018; Xxxxxx et al, 2018; Xxxxxx et al, 2013; Xxx & Xxxx, 2021). However, findings from these reviews to understand the association per health risk factor were therefore inconclusive in military veterans. As there are limited systematic reviews and meta-analysis that have synthesised all the available evidence and compared the mental and physical ill-health and lifestyle-related risk factors (see section 1.5.1), this presents an opportunity for further exploration. Even though MCI and dementia are distinct health outcomes (Xxxxx et al, 2017; Xxxx et al, 2018), it is important to understand and compare how both health outcomes impact military veterans, considering some key questions when reflecting on the findings in this review. There is a scientific need to understand what health outcomes are more frequent in military veterans, if the health outcomes are influenced similarly or not by the listed risk factors (see section 1.5.1), and to compare the impact of MCI between military veterans and non-veterans. 6The War Pension Scheme (xxxxx://xxx.xxx.xx/guidance/war-pension-scheme-wps)
Methodological approach. 2.1. Robust methodology and general purpose software for the study of porosity There are numerous methods are reported in literature for the re-construction of porous carbonaceous materials. In a recent review [12] various methods were categorized into constitutive and mimetic: • Constitutive methods o Slit type pores of graphite o Coarse grained and other approximate methods • Mimetic methods o Quenched Molecular Dynamics (QMD) o Reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) o Hybrid reverse Monte Carlo (HRMC) o MD-HRMC The latest method has been used specifically for the construction of kerogen models consisting of C, H and O, with the use of OREBO force field [13]. In general, the use of the various RMC base methods would require experimental data (such as the radial distribution function, g(r)) and reactive force fields. These are major limitations since the most accurate force fields require extremely long computational times [12] and furthermore no parameterization exists for all elements of interest such as S. For this reason, we adopted another approach reported in literature.
Methodological approach. A document will set out a methodological approach that respects the terms of reference of the assignment (2 to 4 pages).
Methodological approach. A revision of the European legal and ethical framework on commercial exploitation of biological materials has been performed, and a proposal of guidelines on the matter, that rests on the European normative framework, has been developed. A first draft of the proposal has been circulated within the partners of the NeuGRID Consortium for comments and suggestions, and a final proposal has been developed. The final proposal will be submitted to the Independent Ethics Committee set up for the NeuGRID project and to the Ethics Committees of the partners. Comments and suggestions from the Ethics Committees, if any, will be add to the present deliverable once the NeuGRID consortium will receive them.
Methodological approach. As a conceptual framework, we use an extended version of a state-of-the-art property rights model of sequential value chains that allows for intangible assets and intellectual property rights (IPR) protection. We then test our extended model's predictions through probit regressions on Slovenian firm-level and transaction-level data.
Methodological approach. As indicated in the previous sections, the present deliverable refers to three field sites. The methodological approach followed for each site has been practically the same, although with some differences induced by their specific characteristics. The first step has been the collection of geological and hydrogeological data on a regional scale to design the site stratigraphy, identify the SA and its groundwater level. Data have been collected from scientific papers, available maps, and national databases. Subsequently, the analysis has been more focused on a local scale. More detailed information has been acquired from the people/companies responsible of the G-ER exploitation and/or the environmental quality monitoring of each field site, as enabled by the S4CE consortium. Whenever possible, measurements have been performed directly on site. According to the collected data, for each of three sites the Conceptual Circulation Model (CCM) and the Numerical Circulation Model (NCM) of the Groundwater (GW) have been realized. The level of details of the three models is different because of existing differences in terms of available and reliable datasets. Several simplifications have been performed especially for the Cornwall site, because of the lack of reliable data. More detailed information about models construction and characteristics is reported hereinafter. 3 Summary of activities and research findings
