Policy Background. The Province of British Columbia is committed to an integrated system of person centred primary and community care that works for people and primary care providers across BC’s geographical CHSAs and that provides value for money for BC citizens. Primary care is built around team based care at the community health service area level provided through a mix of patient medical homes, urgent primary care centres, community health centres and health authority primary care services, through PCNs. These primary care services will be supported by local health service area specialized service programs for more medically complex patient populations focused on complex medical and/or frailty; mental health and substance use; cancer care linked with hospital and diagnostic and provincial specialized services.
Policy Background. Core Strategy policy CS4: Providing quality homes and housing choice in Barnet. seeks a boroughwide target of 40% affordable homes on sites capable of accommodating ten or more dwellings. The proposal set out in the deed of variation would not alter the quantity of affordable housing proposed (35%) or change the tenure split or quantity of affordable housing over the extant permission.
Policy Background. This Partnership Agreement is intended to enhance and sustain effective partnership working between each local authority and the governing body of each school. In pursuance of this, WG has developed the Education in Wales: Our National Mission Action Plan 2017-21 to support improvements in learning and wellbeing of children and young people. The National Mission focuses on the following four key enabling objectives: • Developing a high-quality education profession. • Inspirational leaders working collaboratively to raise standards. • Strong and inclusive schools committed to excellence, equity and well-being. • Robust assessment, evaluation and accountability arrangements supporting a self- improving system.
Policy Background. In a crisis authorities will be confronted with two basic questions: whether to intervene, and if so how to intervene (e.g. through facilitating a private sector solution, public statements, liquidity support and recapitalisation). As a rule, the handling of a crisis and its resolution are primarily the responsibility of the institution(s) involved. Public intervention, in particular when public money is at risk, should only occur when there is a clear systemic risk, i.e. when there is a serious disturbance of the financial system that, as a result, may have a major impact on the real economy. The purpose of the template is to provide a common language to authorities when they discuss such systemic assessments and the possible effects of related policy measures in a cross-border context. In this way, it enables them to address more clearly any differences in their views on the impact of the crisis and reduces the risk that under the pressure of circumstances they might start discussing how to resolve a crisis before assessing its potential impact. A formal assessment, backed-up by supporting material, further enhances the authorities’ accountability for any recommendations made. Scope assessment. The assessment should be made from the perspective of the domestic financial system, composed of financial institutions, markets and infrastructure, and the domestic real economy. The domestic financial system needs to be defined with reference to those parts that have the potential to disturb the domestic real economy. In defining the financial system’s three components, one should be wary of possible overlaps (resulting in double counting) and gaps. The real economy assessment should only include the effects of the crisis intermediated via the domestic financial system and via foreign financial systems (e.g. direct lending from abroad). In principle, all foreseeable effects should be taken into account, although the further away in time the effects are, the greater the uncertainty. Hence, it might be useful to differentiate between short-term and long-term effects.
Policy Background. Policy CS9 of the Barnet Core Strategy (Providing safe, effective and efficient travel) identifies that the Council will seek to ensure more efficient use of the local road network and more environmentally friendly transport networks, require that development is matched to capacity and promote the delivery of appropriate transport infrastructure. Policies DM17 and CS9 seek that proposals ensure the safety of all road users and make travel safer, reduce congestion, minimise increases in road traffic, provide suitable and safe access for all users of developments, ensure roads within the borough are used appropriately, require acceptable facilities for pedestrians and cyclists and reduce the need to travel.
Policy Background. Many families receiving services from the public child welfare system are also served by the child support system, and recent research and policy efforts address how best to coordinate services to support families and serve the public interest. The Wisconsin DCF and BCS have played a leadership role, collaborating with IRP on a series of investigations of policy in Wisconsin and elsewhere, including producing estimates of the cost effectiveness of the cost- recovery program and its impact on child welfare outcomes (Xxxxxxx et al., 2017; Xxxxxxx et al., 2012; Xxxxxx et al., 2013). As noted above, new guidance (Children’s Bureau, June 8, 2022), addressed in a joint letter from the Office of Child Support Enforcement (OCSE) Commissioner and the Children’s Bureau Associate Commissioner (Schomburg & Gray, 2022, p. 1) “encourages child welfare agencies to implement across-the-board policies that require an assignment of the rights to child support for children who receive Title IV-E FCMPs only in very rare circumstances.” The new guidance cites evidence from the original Wisconsin study suggesting that ordering custodial mothers from whom children were removed to pay child support to offset the cost of xxxxxx care delays reunification. It also cites evidence from Orange County, California, and Washington state, that child support enforcement efforts in these cases are not cost effective (Dalby, 2020; Washington’s Cost Effectiveness for Xxxxxx Care Child Support Cases, 2019). Limiting cost-recovery referrals to child support enforcement to only specific cases in which referral has been judged to be in the child’s best interests requires a range of efforts from states. A recent collaborative survey fielded by the American Public Human Services Association (APHSA), Xxxxx Family Programs, and the Child Welfare League of America (CWLA) provides an indication of the evolving policy landscape. In total, 34 jurisdictions responded to the survey, with most respondents working in the child support and/or child welfare system. Seventy-five percent reported that legislation governs their referral and collection practices, and that changing legislation was among the key barriers to pursuing policy and practice changes (cited by 63% of all IV-D and 76% of all IV-E respondents). As shown in Figure 1, most respondents also cited barriers such as policy and practice design (especially IV- D respondents), changing regulations or rules, modifying IT systems, addressing budget impa...
Policy Background. As from the 1980s, Chile has executed profound macroeconomic structural reforms which have included the privatization of state enterprises, the lib- eralization of trade and opening of its markets to for- eign investments. In addition, since 1990 the country has enjoyed a solid political stability. These accom- plishments have distinguished our country within the Latin American region and increased the flow of for- eign investments and, with our country as a platform, from Chile to other markets5. In addition, its FTAs with the major world economies and Latin American neighbours6, attracts investments from third countries which, after complying with the corresponding rules of origin, can benefit from the export preferences given to Chile by those FTAs. The soundness of these policies has been repeated- ly confirmed. The World Bank’s Governance Indica- tor of 2006 placed Chile ahead of the rest of the countries of Latin America with regard to account- ability, political stability, absence of violence, gov- 1 Partner of the law firm of “Xxxxxxxx & Xxxxxxxxxx” of Santiago, Chile and Member of the Board of Directors of the American Arbitration Association of New York.
Policy Background. In early stages of environmental policies, specific directives have been elaborated for a large range of individual issues. Motivations where the protection of European citizens against air and water pollution, the regulation of waste flows, the protection of Nature and landscapes as well as the willingness of avoiding distortions in the economic competition due to uneven national emission standards. The full understanding of sustainability issues came then, leading to a redefinition of environmental strategies and the launch in 1998 of the integration process3 with the joint objectives of streamlining the environmental legislation and improving the efficiency of policies. One of the most remarkable achievements to date is the so-called Water Framework Directive built upon the concept of river basin management and targets of ecological quality of water bodies and the full recovery of costs of water protection and management. Agri-environmental policies are also continuously moving towards more ecological integration. Initially foreseen as a way to support farmers’ income in compensation to the progressive decline of subsidies to products, the so-called “second pillar” of the Common Agriculture Policy contained a set of targets beneficial to the rural landscape and the environment. In the recent years, programmes have been undertaken for defining, beyond individual measures, some ecological integrated perspectives, one of them being the so-called “high nature value farmland areas” where the maintenance of adequate cultivation practices (e.g. extensive grazing) is considered as the best way of maintaining the ecological potentials. Nature conservation has progressively moved from species protection towards a policy of habitats conservation, the "birds" directive of 1972 and the "habitats" directive of 1992 both merging in the NATURA2000 process, designated areas covering now 18% of the EU. In the current phase 1 European Environment Agency, 2005. The European Environment State and Outlook 2005. Copenhagen 2 xxxx://xxxxxxxxxxx.xxx.xx.xxx/dataservice/metadetails.asp?id=814 3 The Cardiff Process is the name given to the process launched by European heads of state and government (The European Council) at their meeting in Cardiff, in June 1998, requiring different Council formations to integrate environmental considerations into their respective activities. the reflections are developing towards a more systemic approach where the integrity and connectivity of the...
Policy Background. What is being done and why
7.1 Until now, damages-based agreements have not been permitted in litigation before the courts, but their use has developed in ‘non-contentious’ business (i.e. work which falls outside the courts), including employment matters. Section 58AA(10) of the 1990 Act defines an employment matter as “a matter that is, or could become, the subject of proceedings before an employment tribunal”.
7.2 Lord Justice Xxxxxxx recommended that DBAs should be extended to all areas of civil litigation. He argued that this would provide litigants with the choice of funding methods and the freedom to choose the one that they consider is most appropriate for their case. The Government accepted this recommendation, which is reflected in section 45 of the LASPO Act.
7.3 Lord Justice Xxxxxxx also suggested that the current regulations for DBAs in Employment Tribunal cases, which address the issue of unfair settlement and penalty clauses on termination of the agreement, could be adapted for DBAs in all areas of civil litigation. Under the regulations governing DBAs in Employment Tribunals, the maximum percentage of damages that a representative may take as a fee is 35% (including VAT). In respect of DBAs, Xxxx Xxxxxxx Xxxxxxx recommended that the lawyer’s fee in personal injury proceedings should not exceed 25% of the claimant’s damages, excluding damages for future care and loss. The Government accepted the latter recommendation and agreed that claimants should have their damages protected from excessive legal fees. A similar, although not identical, approach has been taken in respect of conditional fee agreements (“CFAs”) in proposed regulations made under sections 58 and 58A of the 1990 Act for the same reasons. At present in DBAs in respect of employment matters, the 35% cap is inclusive of VAT.
7.4 It was not considered necessary to adapt the provisions in the 2010 regulations which deal with termination (now regulation 8), those which prescribe the information which must be provided to a client before entering a DBA (now regulation 5) or the form in which any amendments to the agreement must take (now regulation 6). This is because section 58AA of the 1990 Act and the 2010 regulations were introduced following concerns that some representatives in employment cases were providing inadequate advice to their clients. This included failure to inform clients about alternative options for funding their claim (for example, through trade union representatio...
