Nicaragua. Xxxxxx Xxxxx, lawyer and retired judge in Bluefields on the Atlantic Coast, and law professor at Bluefields Indian and Caribbean University;
Nicaragua. Subject to the purchase minimum number of 1 NPU60 units (any size) over a 12 month period commencing on the date of the completion of the successful testing period and payment executed on the first xxxx.xx Costa Rica.
Nicaragua. Buque PIR recno Fecha rev. Infracciones identificados Xxxxx PIR recno Fecha rev. Infracciones identificados
Nicaragua. None of the Central American countries has in- dices comparable to the European countries most suited for a currency union with Germany, such as the Netherlands, Austria, and France. However, some Central American countries have levels of the indices that are comparable to those of the European countries that appeared less suited for EMU, such as Greece, Ireland, Portugal, and Spain, in the 1980s and the 1990s. Considering the average of the in- dices among Central American countries and com- paring them with the average of the indices among Western European countries, excluding Germany, the analysis shows that Central America is less suited to forming a currency union than Europe was in the 1990s. However, depending on the regression used to calculate the indices, the comparison with Europe in the 1980s provides mixed results. CAFTA-DR and other regional initiatives are likely to make Central America relatively better suited for dollarization. The macroeconomic impact of CAFTA- DR was analyzed in Section II. The results presented in that section projected that trade and synchronicity in business cycles with the United States would in- crease significantly, thus potentially making the re- gion more suitable for dollarization.41 On the basis of Section II’s analysis and other assumptions (described in Box 5.3), the indices of the Central American coun- tries are projected to decline, thus making these coun- tries more suitable for dollarization (Table 5.A10). Nevertheless, on average, Central America would still remain less suitable for dollarization than the Euro- pean countries were for a currency union with Ger- many in the 1970s, 1980s, and 1990s.42 The results presented here should be interpreted with caution. The approach used can provide insights from a long-term perspective but might have some limitations in its application to developing countries. This exercise assumes that the determinants of ex- change market pressure and exchange rate variability are the economic variables that have been considered 41Also, the variability of output in Central America is projected to decline, increasing the degree of co-movement with the United States. Dynamic effects of currency unions could also be consid- ered, but given the uncertainty in the applicability of the empiri- cal studies conducted so far for advanced economies to develop- ing countries, this is not done here. 42The averages presented in Table 5.A10 exclude Panama, as this country does not particip...
Nicaragua. Nicaragua’s political and legal framework establishes the National System for Disaster Prevention, Migration, and Response (SINAPRED – Spanish acronym) as the lead agency for coordination of response to emergencies at the national level. SINAPRED coordinates closely with the MOH and has the command and control protocols, inter-institutional coordination and communications and public information management systems to do so. The command and control function is clearly established at all levels of the MOH and unified incident command has been tested through the numerous responses. Command and control staff has been identified at the national and local levels of the Ministry. Training is provided in a systematic way at the regional and local levels. Foreign humanitarian assistance is conducted in accordance to guidelines and procedures defined by the MOH. The documents regulate medical teams’ requirements, donations and regulation of medical devices. The EOC, which work through the Situation Room, is activated during emergencies and is linked to the epidemiological alert of national emergencies issued by SINAPRED. The MOH is responsible for activating the EOC during epidemiological emergencies. For other types of disasters, alerts and activation is initiated by SINAPRED. At the local level activities are coordinated by the SILAIS directors. Panama has identified national and regional level command and control staff. At the regional level, the Regional Health Director and his deputy are in charge. Training in command and control are conducted at the regional level when requested and when SISED determines they are needed. A training plan is in place. Turnover of staff promotes frequent training. Responses are supported by rapid response teams organized at the central, regional, and local levels. Teams are composed of environmental health specialists, clinical laboratorians, food technicians, medical staff, epidemiologists, and veterinarians. Currently, the MOH does not have defined procedures to activate foreign disaster humanitarian assistance. Decisions are made at the Chancery of the Republic level. The MOH is working with PAHO to define activation procedures. Table 6. The Communication Infrastructure element potential maximum score was 12. Nicaragua was the only country with a perfect score. Belize, with a score of 0, scored the lowest on this element. All countries except Belize had national standards to communicate during emergencies. Standards were in nee...
Nicaragua. The number of trade unions has si- gnificantly increased and the Ministry of Labour does promote trade unions. Nevertheless, the violations against the freedom of association are not Columbia: violence against unionists and murders. getting less. Most violations of trade union rights are still taking place in the free export zones. Several teacher strikes took place and some strikes were declared illegal. Stoppages and strikes were taking place almost during all of 2007. Seve- ral trade union leaders were sacked, which led to direct action by their col- leagues. The increasing informalisation of work in the mines undermines the organisational work of the trade uni- ons. There are mines, where workers are not paid in cash but in kind, i.e. with parts of mine’s products, so that the miners use part of their working day to produce the amount of raw material which corresponds to their wage. With 39 murders in 2007, Columbia is still the world’s most dangerous coun- try for unionists. Although there were fewer murders, there was a trend to other forms of violence: the number of attempted murders has doubled; the number of violent evictions, illegal raids and indiscriminate arrests has increased, whilst the extent of threats remained constant. It has to be poin- xxx out that often family members are the target of murders and death th- reats, not only to obstruct the work by the trade unions but also as a means to reduce the number of registered as- xxxxxx on unionists. 76 % of violations of trade union rights were carried out on persons working for local authori- ties and in the services sector as well as in subsectors such as the education and health system. Although in the past three years, within the scope of a controversial government programme, 30,000 paramilitaries were „demo- bilised“ there is solid evidence for the fact that they continue to threaten, murder and kidnap unionists, some- times even with the approval of the security services. In spite of changes to the Justice and Peace Law, in the sco- pe of which the „Demobilisation“ was carried out, the worry continues that it will just extent the exemption from punishment.
Nicaragua. The Center of Health Supplies (CIPS - Spanish acronym) manages medical supplies and donations during emergencies. The main warehouse is connected to three stores and 17 warehouses. Storage space is insufficient to respond to the country’s needs and only one of the sites provide temperature control for medicines and vaccines, which makes it necessary to rapidly move supplies. The main warehouse is equipped with an external security system. Security improvements are needed inside the facilities. The warehouse is located on a road that is easily accessible but is in a high-risk area near a gas station, and an earthquake fault line. The warehouse is equipped to properly communicate with the CIPS during emergencies. Due to a high turnover, frequent staff training is necessary. Staff received regular training for the distribution of oral medications and vaccines. The MOH directly delivers the supplies and medicines to health areas in the interior, and to the hospitals. There is a warehouse or pre-selected location for delivery of supplies in each region, to ensure distribution at the local level. There is an insufficient number of trucks with temperature control for transport of medications and vaccines. The MOH has the appropriate infrastructure to ensure logistical and operational processes for the management, reception, storage, and distribution of medical assets. The MOH’s challenges include properly training of staff in charge of receiving and storing public health assets, as well as, establishing a communications plan in the warehouse. A warehouse has been identified for the receiving, staging, and storing of medical supplies. Additional warehouse are also available throughout Panama City. The main warehouse has temperature control and standard security measures. It is located at the central facilities of the MOH, and is accessible through a number of roads in a low risk area. The lack of a communication plan for the warehouse slows notification and delays proper transfer of supplies. A trained professional medicine administrator serves as distribution manager and ensures proper training of regional and local staff. Staff is also trained at the national and regional level on security measures needed to ensure the protection of supplies. Oral medications and vaccines are centrally distributed from the General Warehouse. The MOH has limited air-conditioned transportation. Medical Coordination Quantitative results Table 9. The Medical Coordination element po...
Nicaragua. (Reservation made at the time of signature) The Nicaraguan Delegation, on giving its approval to the American Treaty on Pacific Settlement (Pact of Bogotá) wishes to record expressly that no provisions contained in the said Treaty may prejudice any position assumed by the Government of Nicaragua with respect to arbitral decisions the validity of which it has contested on the basis of the principles of international law, which clearly permit arbitral decisions to be attacked when they are adjudged to be null or invalidated. Consequently, the signature of the Nicaraguan Delegation to the Treaty in question cannot be alleged as an acceptance of any arbitral decisions that Nicaragua has contested and the validity of which is not certain. Hence the Nicaraguan Delegation reiterates the statement made on the 28th of the current month on approving the text of the above mentioned Treaty in Committee III. (Reservation made at the time of ratification) With the reservation made at the time of signature.
Nicaragua. Trinidad and Tobago (aeronautical only); however, the International Maritime Organization may be proposing a regional system similar to the regional aeronautical SAR system in Central America.
Nicaragua. In 1992, assistance continued to be sought for the rehabilitation and reconstruction of Nicara- gua, which were necessary for overcoming the af- termath of war and for the consolidation of peace and democracy already achieved in the country. The appeal for such assistance, from the interna- tional community and from international funding agencies, had its origins in the National Concilia- tion Agreement on Economic and Social Matters concluded in Nicaragua in 1990(42) (phase I) and 1991 (phase II), which the General Assembly wel- comed, supporting in particular the agreements regarding property rights and privatization in phase II of the Agreement. In resolution 47/118, the Assembly supported efforts by Nicaragua to consolidate peace. In reso- lution 47/169, it asked for continued support to that country to enable it to overcome the aftermath not only of war but also of recent natural disasters (see PART THREE, Chapter III), and to stimulate the process of reconstruction and development. It requested the Secretary-General to provide Nica- ragua with all possible assistance to support the consolidation of peace in such areas as the settle- ment of displaced and demobilized persons and refugees, rural land ownership and land tenure, direct care for war victims, mine clearance and the restoration of the country’s productive areas. Nicaragua-Honduras