DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. The understanding and valuing of nutrition was an important barrier to active participation in the program, as the interviews showed that an incomplete understanding of nutrition often led to the undervaluing and under-prioritizing of the program itself. While this program included an extensive behavior change and education plan, this needs to be implemented more promptly and consistently in order for the community to gain a more complete understanding of the programs and the benefits of nutrition in general.
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. XXX’s involvement in this project dates back to its initiation, but during Part Two they decided to reduce their direct involvement in construction-related VIPs. Nonetheless, the results of the work performed under this project are still valid and can provide a foundation for pursuing the further development of residential-construction VIP applications. Representatives of Xxxxxx have indicated that the firm intends to bring its VIP product to the United States market and they seem interested in pursuing construction-related uses. The company’s representative in the United States has expressed an interest in visiting the Research Center to discuss our work, and we have discussed their product with multiple attic stair producers. Additionally, product concepts, based on our understanding of the Xxxxxx VIPs, have been developed and circulated to industry members. The preliminary indications are positive. One firm has requested a product sample and costing data. Two other firms have asked how to contact Xxxxxx. DOW will not actively develop this market in the near term, but they have indicated that technical developments in this field can be handled through its network of fabricators, who manufacture finished VIPs and design systems for using them. One possibility is that building component producers could work directly with members of the network using development agreements. DOW’s network of VIP fabricators includes the following companies: • Advantek Incorporated • Energy Storage Technologies • SAES USA • Thermal Visions Incorporated While the product concepts have drawn interest, considerable work remains if new applications are to reach the market. This work will need to proceed at a pace that accommodates the requirements of all firms involved. New products often involve new technologies, new markets and new obstacles that firms need to research and understand thoroughly since substantial funds can be at stake. Adjustments and readjustment of product designs can require the participation of both component and application producers, so effective communication between the firms will be vital. The work under this project represents an important contribution to the state of knowledge about VIP applications for residential construction. The research has explored the potential for thermal performance gains, anticipated costs of attic hatch and stair applications, regulatory barriers, existing industry attitudes and market potential. Much of the uncertainty reg...
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. During our search, no other global systematic reviews investigating the relationship between women’s agency and childhood immunization were identified. As such, to our knowledge, this is the first global systematic review. In general, we found that higher levels of women’s agency were associated with higher odds of complete childhood immunizations, particularly when measured by decision-making and full immunization indicators. The review found inconsistent associations between agency and freedom of movement as well as the role of women in financial decisions. The fact that Xxxxx and colleagues (2013) pooled data cross multiple African countries and found consistent positive relationships (aOR 1.31 CI .92,1.87) strengthens these findings. These findings suggest the important role of women on child health status and suggest that methods focused on empowering women may improve the uptake of child immunization. Our review highlights some limitations in the empirical literature and offers directions for future research. The fact that the majority of the included studies analyzed DHS data implies a heavy reliance on DHS for information pertaining to women’s empowerment. Although DHS is frequently used to create comparisons across national data, the findings indicate some diversity in measures of agency within and across countries [31]. Some lack of comparability in the measures, while perhaps necessary to ensure appropriateness to local settings, restricts our ability to make cross-national generalizations about the association between women’s agency, child immunizations, and even other child health outcomes. The positive association between agency and immunization seen across all the studies based in Nigeria (two of which analyzed DHS 2008) indicates that incomplete immunization among children is connected to a lack of agency in Nigeria, and points to the need for more consistent use in measurements in order to solidify the association between agency (DM and FM) across culturally diverse settings. Such data cross-national data would be useful in informing global strategies and efforts such as the Global Vaccine Action Plan and EPI that aim to address gaps in coverage. While we encourage the use of comparable tools, we do not negate the importance of context specific tools in order to understand the complexities between women’s agency and child health outcomes. The implications of relying on the DHS are important considering that DHS is used to inform policy and...
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. It is understood that the proposed structure will likely either consist of a prefabricated arch or a clear span bridge. The subsurface conditions encountered near the proposed structure alignment (i.e., at BH-02) may generally be summarized as 3.5 m of very loose marine silt/sand that directly overlies a compact glacial till stratum and sandstone bedrock, at a depth of 6.6 m. The river is tidally influenced with an OHWM located near the ground surface level of the mudflats. Both spread footing and pile-supported foundations could be considered for use at the site based on the conditions encountered as discussed in the following sections. Spread footing foundations could be considered for use at the site provided that issues associated with excavation below the groundwater table and through the very loose mudflat soils can be addressed. It is recommended that the groundwater table be temporarily lowered to facilitate excavation to the till surface. Control of groundwater inflow may require a temporary river diversion and will likely require pumping from a sump(s) located below the required depth of excavation. Although lowering of the groundwater table prior to footing excavation should improve the stability of the excavation side slopes, flatter cut inclinations than the typical 1 horizontal to 1 vertical may still be necessary to achieve stable conditions. If it is preferable to limit the horizontal extent of the excavation, consideration could be given to some means of temporary shoring such as sheet piling. A large modified trench box could also be considered to assist with the safe placement of foundations and to limit the size of the excavation footprint. Precast footings placed on a granular base may also be beneficial to permit timely backfilling and to limit the time that the excavation must remain open. Any soft or disturbed soils should be removed from the bearing surface prior to footing placement. If softening persists, consideration could be given to over-excavating the bearing surface (e.g., by 300 mm) to allow the placement of clean granular layer such as concrete stone or Class D gravel. The granular layer would help stabilize the bearing surface and should assist in groundwater control. Spread footings placed on undisturbed till, or a granular layer placed over the till, may be designed using an allowable bearing pressure of 150 kPa. Associated total and differential settlements should be less than 25 mm and 15 mm, respectively. All footin...
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. It is understood that the proposed structure will likely consist of a four-span bridge. Based on the subsurface conditions encountered, spread footing foundations, pile-supported foundations, or some combination thereof, could be considered for use at the abutment and pier locations. Since similar subsurface conditions were encountered during the present investigation as compared to those encountered during the initial investigation, the recommendations pertaining to the design of spread footing and pile- supported foundations provided in our initial report are still applicable (refer to previous in the Appendix). Some additional comments and recommendations pertaining to spread footing foundations are provided below. As recommended previously, spread footings placed on undisturbed till, or on a granular layer placed over the till, may be designed using an allowable bearing pressure of 150 kPa. Associated total and differential settlements would be less than 25 mm and 15 mm, respectively. In the event that higher capacities are required, consideration could be given to founding directly on the bedrock surface, depending on the depth of excavation required. The depth of excavation below the groundwater table may also be a limiting factor. At BH-06, located near the proposed west abutment, sandstone bedrock was encountered at a depth of 5.4 m below ground surface. At BH-05, located near the proposed east abutment, sandstone bedrock was encountered at a depth of 8.2 m below ground surface, and approximately 2.4 m below the groundwater table. Although the sandstone bedrock surface should not be susceptible to water disturbance, the temporary lowering of the groundwater table may be required at some locations to facilitate excavation to the bedrock surface and concrete/footing placement. Spread footing foundations placed directly on the sandstone bedrock surface, or on a granular levelling course placed directly over the bedrock surface, may be designed for an allowable bearing pressure of up to 400 kPa. Associated total and differential settlements would be less than 25 mm and 15 mm, respectively. The granularly levelling course, if required, could consist of a well-compacted 150 to 300 mm layer of clean crushed stone such as concrete stone or Class D gravel. The granular layer would also assist in groundwater control where necessary. We would be pleased to provide further geotechnical design input for this project on an as-required, as- requested basis.
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. In this chapter, the researcher xxxx xxxxxxxxx and interpret the data from this study, dedicated to teachers’ perceptions of classroom assessment, particularly formative assessment at one of the schools in Akmola region, Kazakhstan. The chapter consists of two sections. The first section illustrates an in-depth analysis of major findings and the second section will discuss recommendations. The researcher interpreted the data generated from the interviews with eight teachers, including the data entailed from lesson observations and document analysis. Throughout the research four major factors affecting teacher perceptions regarding formative assessment were identified: 1) inconsistent professional development, includes the information on teacher learning, which according to research data, has an episodic character;) 2) the next major finding, which is lack of teacher practical knowledge, meaning the need to involve teachers in practical sessions on formative assessment rather than theoretical ones; 3) the following subsection, which is contradictions of teacher practices and teacher perceptions, discusses teachers’ practices and teachers’ understandings of formative assessment, which are not aligned; 4) low students’ motivation, came out as another major finding. Finally, the chapter concludes with recommendations.
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 38 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION 49 REFERENCES 51 APPENDIX A
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. It is understood that the existing structure will be replaced with a two-span timber, steel pile supported structure; and that grades will be raised by approximately 1.0
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. Harbourside understands from the Department that the new structure will be a buried HDPE pipe or buried precast concrete box culvert approximately 27 to 28 m in length supported directly on Class 'A' gravel (approximately 400 to 450 mm thick). The underside of gravel will bear on glacial till with an approximate elevation of 18.1 m at the outlet (downstream) and approximate elevation of 18.5 m at the inlet (upstream). The alignment of the new structure will be in the area of BH01 and BH04. Base preparation for culvert installation should consist of removal of all asphalt, fill, loose sands and any other deleterious materials (peat, organics, etc.) down to native undisturbed glacial till. The Class A should be placed in lifts suitable for the compaction equipment being used and compacted to 100 percent standard Xxxxxxx maximum dry density (SPMDD). It would be prudent to minimize the duration the glacial till subbase is exposed prior to placing the gravel. Prolonged exposure may lead to subbase (till) softening. Any soil that becomes excessively disturbed as a result of construction activity or softened due to water infiltration should be removed from the bearing surface prior to gravel placement. If softening persists, consideration could be given to the over-excavation of the bearing surface to allow for the placement of clean gravel or rockfill layer. Excavations within the existing fills and underlying silty sands should be no steeper than 1 horizontal to 1 vertical without means of shoring. Slopes that extend below the water table will likely require further flattening or the use of a blanket of well graded rockfill to provide stability from sloughing. Groundwater should be kept to a minimum in the excavations to prevent disturbance of the glacial till which is susceptible to softening. Xxxxxxxxxx could be accomplished by sloping the base of the excavation and, pumping from the low end if required. The Class A gravel base overlying the glacial till under the full height embankment (>4 m) would have a bearing resistance at Ultimate Limit States (ULS) of at least 350 kPa. A bearing resistance of 250 kPa can be used for design of the culvert under the embankment side slopes provided it has a minimum effective width of 0.5 m and a burial depth (culvert height plus Class A gravel thickness) layer of at least 1.5 m. The ULS bearing resistance includes a resistance factor of 0.5 in accordance with CAN/CSA S6-14. The total settlement of the culvert installed on...
DISCUSSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS. 71
6.1 The understanding of EGs in the EGA initiative 71
6.2 Desired production methods and green products 72 6.3 Comparison of the understandings of EGs 73
6.4 The Credibility of the EGA as a driving force 75 6.5 Recommendations 80 6.6 Evaluating the study 81 7.1 FINDINGS 83 7.2 Future Research 84
